{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T03:46:31Z","timestamp":1780544791617,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The role of the thyroid hormone agonist 3,3\u2032,5 l-tri-iodothyronine (T3) on cholangiocytes is unknown. We evaluated the in vivo and in vitro effects of T3 on cholangiocyte proliferation of bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats. We assessed the expression of \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-, \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-, \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-, and \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-thyroid hormone receptors (THRs) by immunohistochemistry in liver sections from normal and BDL rats. BDL rats were treated with T3 (38.4 \u03bcg\/day) or vehicle for 1 wk. We evaluated 1) biliary mass and apoptosis in liver sections and 2) proliferation in cholangiocytes. Serum-free T3 levels were measured by chemiluminescence. Purified BDL cholangiocytes were treated with 0.2% BSA or T3 (1 \u03bcM) in the absence\/presence of U-73122 (PLC inhibitor) or BAPTA\/AM (intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> chelator) before measurement of PCNA protein expression by immunoblots. The in vitro effects of T3 (1 \u03bcM) on 1) cAMP, IP<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> levels and 2) the phosphorylation of Src Tyr139 and Tyr530 (that, together, regulate Src activity) and ERK1\/2 of BDL cholangiocytes were also evaluated. \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-, \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-, \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-, and \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-THRs were expressed by bile ducts of normal and BDL rats. In vivo, T3 decreased cholangiocyte proliferation of BDL rats. In vitro, T3 inhibition of PCNA protein expression was blocked by U-73122 and BAPTA\/AM. Furthermore, T3 1) increased IP<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> levels and 2) decreased Src and ERK1\/2 phosphorylation of BDL cholangiocytes. T3 inhibits cholangiocyte proliferation of BDL rats by PLC\/IP<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-dependent decreased phosphorylation of Src\/ERK1\/2. Activation of the intracellular signals triggered by T3 may modulate the excess of cholangiocyte proliferation in liver diseases. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00575.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,28]],"date-time":"2006-12-28T01:13:20Z","timestamp":1167268400000},"page":"C1467-C1475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Thyroid hormone inhibits biliary growth in bile duct-ligated rats by PLC\/IP<sub>3<\/sub>\/Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>-dependent downregulation of SRC\/ERK1\/2"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"292","author":[{"given":"Giammarco","family":"Fava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Glaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"DeMorrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Marucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Marzioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Venter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley","family":"Vaculin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley","family":"Vaculin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Alpini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alpini G, Glaser S, Ueno Y, Pham L, Podila PV, Caligiuri A, LeSage G, LaRusso NF. Heterogeneity of the proliferative capacity of rat cholangiocytes after bile duct ligation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 274: G767\u2013G775, 1998.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1998.274.4.G767"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alpini G, Lenzi R, Sarkozi L, Tavoloni N. Biliary physiology in rats with bile ductular cell hyperplasia. Evidence for a secretory function of proliferated bile ductules. J Clin Invest 81: 569\u2013578, 1988.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113355"},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"Alpini G, Prall RT, LaRusso NF. The pathobiology of biliary epithelia. In: The Liver; Biology & Pathobiology (4th ed.), edited by Arias IM, Boyer JL, Chisari FV, Fausto N, Jakoby W, Schachter D, and Shafritz DA. Philadelphia, PA: Williams & Wilkins, 2001, p. 421\u2013435."},{"key":"R4","unstructured":"Alvaro D, Mancino MG, Glaser S, Gaudio E, Marzioni M, Francis H, Alpini G. Proliferating cholangiocytes: a neuroendocrine compartment in the diseased liver. Gastroenterology In press."},{"key":"R5","unstructured":"Babb RR. Associations between diseases of the thyroid and the liver. Am J Gastroenterol. 79: 421\u2013423, 1984."},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bassett JH, Harvey CB, Williams GR. Mechanisms of thyroid hormone receptor-specific nuclear and extranuclear actions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 213: 1\u201311, 2003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2003.10.033"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choudhary AM, Roberts I. Thyroid storm presenting with liver failure. J Clin Gastroenterol 29: 318\u2013321, 1999.","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199912000-00004"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conde I, Paniagua R, Zamora J, Blanquez MJ, Fraile B, Ruiz A, Arenas MI. Influence of thyroid hormone receptors on breast cancer cell proliferation. Ann Oncol 17: 60\u201364, 2006.","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdj040"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crowe JP, Christensen E, Butler J, Wheeler P, Doniach D, Keenan J, Williams R. Primary biliary cirrhosis: the prevalence of hypothyroidism and its relationship to thyroid autoantibodies and sicca syndrome. Gastroenterology 78: 1437\u20131441, 1980.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)30497-4"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doran GR. Serum enzyme disturbances in thyrotoxicosis and myxoedema. J R Soc Med 71: 189\u2013194, 1978.","DOI":"10.1177\/014107687807100307"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fong TL, McHutchison JG, Reynolds TB. Hyperthyroidism and hepatic dysfunction. A case series analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 14: 240\u2013244, 1992.","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199204000-00010"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francavilla A, Carr BI, Azzarone A, Polimeno L, Wang Z, Van Thiel DH, Subbotin V, Prelich JG, Starzl TE. Hepatocyte proliferation and gene expression induced by triiodothyronine in vivo and in vitro. Hepatology 20: 1237\u20131241, 1994.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840200521"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francis H, Glaser S, Ueno Y, LeSage G, Marucci L, Benedetti A, Taffetani S, Marzioni M, Alvaro D, Venter J, Reichenbach R, Fava G, Phinizy JL, Alpini G. cAMP stimulates the secretory and proliferative capacity of the rat intrahepatic biliary epithelium through changes in the PKA\/Src\/MEK\/ERK1\/2 pathway. J Hepatol 41: 528\u2013537, 2004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.06.009"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fukuyama K, Ichiki T, Takeda K, Tokunou T, Iino N, Masuda S, Ishibashi M, Egashira K, Shimokawa H, Hirano K, Kanaide H, Takeshita A. Downregulation of vascular angiotensin II type 1 receptor by thyroid hormone. Hypertension 41: 598\u2013603, 2003.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000056524.35294.80"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glaser S, Alvaro D, Francis H, Ueno Y, Marucci L, Benedetti A, De Morrow S, Marzioni M, Mancino MG, Phinizy JL, Reichenbach R, Fava G, Summers R, Venter J, Alpini G. Adrenergic receptor agonists prevent bile duct injury induced by adrenergic denervation by increased cAMP levels and activation of Akt. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 290: G813\u2013G826, 2006.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00306.2005"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glaser S, Benedetti A, Marucci L, Alvaro D, Baiocchi L, Kanno N, Caligiuri A, Phinizy JL, Chowdhury U, Papa E, LeSage G, Alpini G. Gastrin inhibits cholangiocyte growth in bile duct-ligated rats by interaction with cholecystokinin-B\/Gastrin receptors via d-myo-inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate- Ca2+- and protein kinase C alpha-dependent mechanisms. Hepatology 32: 17\u201325, 2000.","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.8265"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hart ME, Suchland KL, Miyakawa M, Bunzow JR, Grandy DK, Scanlan TS. Trace amine-associated receptor agonists: synthesis and evaluation of thyronamines and related analogues. J Med Chem 49: 1101\u20131112, 2006.","DOI":"10.1021\/jm0505718"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang MJ, Liaw YF. Clinical associations between thyroid and liver diseases. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 10: 344\u2013350, 1995.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01106.x"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hulbert AJ. Thyroid hormones and their effects: a new perspective. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 75: 519\u2013631, 2000.","DOI":"10.1017\/S146479310000556X"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hummerich H, Soboll S. Rapid stimulation of calcium uptake into rat liver by l-tri-iodothyronine. Biochem J 258: 363\u2013367, 1989.","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2580363"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Incerpi S, De Vito P, Luly P, Spagnuolo S, Leoni S. Short-term effects of thyroid hormones and 3,5-diiodothyronine on membrane transport systems in chick embryo hepatocytes. Endocrinology 143: 1660\u20131668, 2002.","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.5.8767"},{"key":"R22","unstructured":"Inkinen J, Sand J, Nordback I. Association between common bile duct stones and treated hypothyroidism. Hepatogastroenterology 47: 919\u2013921, 2000."},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishii M, Vroman B, LaRusso NF. Isolation and morphologic characterization of bile duct epithelial cells from normal rat liver. Gastroenterology 97: 1236\u20131247, 1989.","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)91695-8"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanno N, Glaser S, Chowdhury U, Phinizy JL, Baiocchi L, Francis H, LeSage G, Alpini G. Gastrin inhibits cholangiocarcinoma growth through increased apoptosis by activation of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase C-alpha. J Hepatol 34: 284\u2013291, 2001.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)00025-8"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kao JP. Practical aspects of measuring [Ca2+] with fluorescent indicators. Methods Cell Biol 40: 155\u2013181, 1994.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(08)61114-0"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kato A, Gores GJ, LaRusso NF. Secretin stimulates exocytosis in isolated bile duct epithelial cells by a cyclic AMP-mediated mechanism. J Biol Chem 267: 15523\u201315529, 1992.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)49566-5"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawakatsu H, Sakai T, Takagaki Y, Shinoda Y, Saito M, Owada MK, Yano J. A new monoclonal antibody which selectively recognizes the active form of Src tyrosine kinase. J Biol Chem 271: 5680\u20135685, 1996.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.10.5680"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kenessey A, Ojamaa K. Thyroid hormone stimulates protein synthesis in the cardiomyocyte by activating the Akt-mTOR and p70S6K pathways. J Biol Chem 281: 20666\u201320672, 2006.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M512671200"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawrence WD, Schoenl M, Davis PJ. Stimulation in vitro of rabbit erythrocyte cytosol phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activity. A novel action of thyroid hormone. J Biol Chem 264: 4766\u20134768, 1989.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)83655-9"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lazaridis KN, Strazzabosco M, LaRusso NF. The cholangiopathies: disorders of biliary epithelia. Gastroenterology 127: 1565\u20131577, 2004.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.08.006"},{"key":"R31","unstructured":"Ledda-Columbano GM, Perra A, Loi R, Shinozuka H, Columbano A. Cell proliferation induced by triiodothyronine in rat liver is associated with nodule regression and reduction of hepatocellular carcinomas. Cancer Res 60: 603\u2013609, 2000."},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lei J, Mariash CN, Ingbar DH. 3,3\u2032,5-Triiodo-l-thyronine upregulation of Na,K-ATPase activity and cell surface expression in alveolar epithelial cells is Src kinase- and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent. J Biol Chem 279: 47589\u201347600, 2004.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M405497200"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LeSage G, Alvaro D, Benedetti A, Glaser S, Marucci L, Baiocchi L, Eisel W, Caligiuri A, Phinizy JL, Rodgers R, Francis H, Alpini G. Cholinergic system modulates growth, apoptosis, and secretion of cholangiocytes from bile duct-ligated rats. Gastroenterology 117: 191\u2013199, 1999.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70567-6"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LeSage G, Benedetti A, Glaser S, Marucci L, Tretjak Z, Caligiuri A, Rodgers R, Phinizy JL, Baiocchi L, Francis H, Lasater J, Ugili L, Alpini G. Acute carbon tetrachloride feeding selectively damages large, but not small, cholangiocytes from normal rat liver. Hepatology 29: 307\u2013319, 1999.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290242"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LeSage G, Glaser S, Alpini G. Regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation. Liver 21: 73\u201380, 2001.","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0676.2001.021002073.x"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LeSage G, Glaser S, Gubba S, Robertson WE, Phinizy JL, Lasater J, Rodgers RE, Alpini G. Regrowth of the rat biliary tree after 70% partial hepatectomy is coupled to increased secretin-induced ductal secretion. Gastroenterology 111: 1633\u20131644, 1996.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(96)70027-6"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LeSage G, Glaser S, Marucci L, Benedetti A, Phinizy JL, Rodgers R, Caligiuri A, Papa E, Tretjak Z, Jezequel AM, Holcomb LA, Alpini G. Acute carbon tetrachloride feeding induces damage of large but not small cholangiocytes from BDL rat liver. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 276: G1289\u2013G1301, 1999.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1999.276.5.G1289"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li J, Lin Q, Yoon HG, Huang ZQ, Strahl BD, Allis CD, Wong J. Involvement of histone methylation and phosphorylation in regulation of transcription by thyroid hormone receptor. Mol Cell Biol 22: 5688\u20135697, 2002.","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.22.16.5688-5697.2002"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malik R, Hodgson H. The relationship between the thyroid gland and the liver. QJM 95: 559\u2013569, 2002.","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/95.9.559"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mariappan MM, Senthil D, Natarajan KS, Choudhury GG, Kasinath BS. Phospholipase Cgamma-Erk Axis in vascular endothelial growth factor-induced eukaryotic initiation factor 4E phosphorylation and protein synthesis in renal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 280: 28402\u201328411, 2005.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M504861200"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marzioni M, Francis H, Benedetti A, Ueno Y, Fava G, Venter J, Reichenbach R, Mancino MG, Summers R, Alpini G, Glaser S. Ca2+-dependent cytoprotective effects of ursodeoxycholic and tauroursodeoxycholic acid on the biliary epithelium in a rat model of cholestasis and loss of bile ducts. Am J Pathol 168: 398\u2013409, 2006.","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050126"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marzioni M, Glaser S, Francis H, Marucci L, Benedetti A, Alvaro D, Taffetani S, Ueno Y, Roskams T, Phinizy JL, Venter J, Fava G, LeSage G, Alpini G. Autocrine\/paracrine regulation of the growth of the biliary tree by the neuroendocrine hormone serotonin. Gastroenterology 128: 121\u2013137, 2005.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.10.002"},{"key":"R43","unstructured":"Ohmura T, Ledda-Columbano GM, Piga R, Columbano A, Glemba J, Katyal SL, Locker J, Shinozuka H. Hepatocyte proliferation induced by a single dose of a peroxisome proliferator. Am J Pathol 148: 815\u2013824, 1996."},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pibiri M, Ledda-Columbano GM, Cossu C, Simbula G, Menegazzi M, Shinozuka H, Columbano A. Cyclin D1 is an early target in hepatocyte proliferation induced by thyroid hormone (T3). FASEB J 15: 1006\u20131013, 2001.","DOI":"10.1096\/fsb2fj000416com"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robson H, Siebler T, Stevens DA, Shalet SM, Williams GR. Thyroid hormone acts directly on growth plate chondrocytes to promote hypertrophic differentiation and inhibit clonal expansion and cell proliferation. Endocrinology 141: 3887\u20133897, 2000.","DOI":"10.1210\/en.141.10.3887"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rutenburg AM, Kim H, Fischbein JW, Hanker JS, Wasserkrug HL, Seligman AM. Histochemical and ultrastructural demonstration of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity. J Histochem Cytochem 17: 517\u2013526, 1969.","DOI":"10.1177\/17.8.517"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saarinen S, Olerup O, Broome U. Increased frequency of autoimmune diseases in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol 95: 3195\u20133199, 2000.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.03292.x"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Short J, Brown RF, Husakova A, Gilbertson JR, Zemel R, Lieberman I. Induction of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in the liver of the intact animal. J Biol Chem 247: 1757\u20131766, 1972.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)45540-3"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sola J, Pardo-Mindan FJ, Zozaya J, Quiroga J, Sangro B, Prieto J. Liver changes in patients with hyperthyroidism. Liver 11: 193\u2013197, 1991.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1991.tb00516.x"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soskolne WA, Schwartz Z, Goldstein M, Ornoy A. The biphasic effect of triiodothyronine compared with bone resorbing effect of PTH on bone modelling of mouse long bone in vitro. Bone 11: 301\u2013307, 1990.","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(90)90084-C"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson P Jr, Strum D, Boehm T, Wartofsky L. Abnormalities of liver function tests in tyrotoxicosis. Mil Med 143: 548\u2013551, 1978.","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/143.8.548"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Steenbergen W, Fevery J, De Vos R, Leyten R, Heirwegh KP, De Groote J. Thyroid hormones and the hepatic handling of bilirubin. I. Effects of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on the hepatic transport of bilirubin mono- and diconjugates in the Wistar rat. Hepatology 9: 314\u2013321, 1989.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840090225"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiss RE, Ramos HE. Thyroid hormone receptor subtypes and their interaction with steroid receptor coactivators. Vitam Horm 68: 185\u2013207, 2004.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(04)68006-X"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilson DM. Endocrinology of growth and growth factors. Connect Tissue Res 31: S3\u2013S7, 1995.","DOI":"10.3109\/03008209509116825"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yen CC, Huang YH, Liao CY, Liao CJ, Cheng WL, Chen WJ, Lin KH. Mediation of the inhibitory effect of thyroid hormone on proliferation of hepatoma cells by transforming growth factor-beta. J Mol Endocrinol 36: 9\u201321, 2006.","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.1.01911"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yen PM. Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action. Physiol Rev 81: 1097\u20131142, 2001.","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.3.1097"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zandieh Doulabi B, Platvoet-ter Schiphorst M, van Beeren HC, Labruyere WT, Lamers WH, Fliers E, Bakker O, Wiersinga WM. TR\u03b21 protein is preferentially expressed in the pericentral zone of rat liver and exhibits marked diurnal variation. Endocrinology 143: 979\u2013984, 2002.","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.3.8706"},{"key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zandieh-Doulabi B, Platvoet-ter Schiphorst M, Kalsbeek A, Wiersinga WM, Bakker O. Hyper and hypothyroidism change the expression and diurnal variation of thyroid hormone receptor isoforms in rat liver without major changes in their zonal distribution. Mol Cell Endocrinol 219: 69\u201375, 2004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2004.01.008"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00575.2006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T17:59:11Z","timestamp":1718647151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00575.2006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpcell.00575.2006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00575.2006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-6143","1522-1563"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-6143","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1563","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}}}