{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T16:30:29Z","timestamp":1776702629991,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The action of carbachol (CCh) on isolated pigmented ciliary epithelial cells was examined using whole cell patch-clamp recording. Application of 100 microM CCh caused transient, occasionally oscillatory, increases in the inward and outward currents, followed by a long-term decrease in both currents. Caffeine produced transient responses similar to those of CCh. The responses to CCh were blocked by the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine and the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor blocker heparin (200 micrograms\/ml in patch pipette). Manipulation of the internal ionic concentrations indicated that only K+ conductances were affected by CCh. Changing intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) with the calcium ionophore ionomycin demonstrated that both the inward rectifier K+ current and the outward current exhibited Ca2+ dependence. There was no Cl- current stimulated either directly by CCh or indirectly by modulators of [Ca2+]i, and any Cl- currents present arose from osmotic effects. In the short term, muscarinic stimulation will activate K+ channels by causing a transient increase in [Ca2+]i. This effect only lasts for 1-5 min, however, and, in the long term, the conductance decreases below its original level. The effect of such a transient increase in [Ca2+]i on secretion would be complex, involving effects on gap junction communication between the pigmented and nonpigmented cell layers and the activation state of Cl- channels in the nonpigmented cells. This complexity probably accounts for the variable reports of the effects of muscarinic stimulation of the ciliary body in vivo. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1996.271.1.c203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,24]],"date-time":"2017-12-24T19:05:26Z","timestamp":1514142326000},"page":"C203-C209","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Transient activation of K+ channels by carbachol in bovine pigmented ciliary body epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"271","author":[{"given":"J. W.","family":"Stelling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Unit, School of Molecular and Medical Biosciences, University of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. J.","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Unit, School of Molecular and Medical Biosciences, University of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpcell.1996.271.1.C203","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T19:37:04Z","timestamp":1718653024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpcell.1996.271.1.C203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,7,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpcell.1996.271.1.C203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.1996.271.1.c203","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-6143","1522-1563"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-6143","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1563","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,7,1]]}}}