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Timolol (10 \u03bcM) produced similar K and Cl losses from ciliary epithelia in HCO[Formula: see text]\/CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> solution but had no effect in HCO[Formula: see text]\/CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-free solution or in HCO[Formula: see text]\/CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> solution containing the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide. Inhibition of Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> exchange by dimethylamiloride in HCO[Formula: see text]\/CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> solution reduced Cl and K comparably to timolol. cAMP did not reverse timolol's effects. Timolol (100 nM, 10 \u03bcM) and levobunolol (10 \u03bcM) produced cAMP-independent inhibition of the regulatory volume increase (RVI) in PE cells and increased intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> and pH. Increasing Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> with ionomycin also blocked the RVI. The results document a previously unrecognized cAMP-independent transport effect of timolol. Inhibition of Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\/HCO[Formula: see text] exchange may mediate timolol's inhibition of aqueous humor formation. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2001.281.3.c865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,24]],"date-time":"2017-12-24T20:38:57Z","timestamp":1514147937000},"page":"C865-C875","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Timolol may inhibit aqueous humor secretion by  cAMP-independent action on ciliary epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"281","author":[{"given":"Charles W.","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Physiology,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Peart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Purves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand; and Departments of"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Carr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Peterson-Yantorno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire H.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony D. 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