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In this study, we investigated the potential connection between alcohol-induced decreased maternal thyroid function and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) function of adult rat offspring. Plasma 3,5,3\u2032-triiodothyronine (T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), thyroxine (T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were decreased in alcohol-consuming (E) dams on gestational day 21 compared with ad libitum- (C) and pair-fed (PF) controls. No significant differences were found in HPT function in young offspring (3 wk of age) between diet groups. However, adult fetal alcohol-exposed (FAE) offspring had significantly decreased levels of T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> along with elevated TSH compared with control offspring. T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> administration to the mother did not normalize the hypothyroid state of the adult FAE offspring. Interestingly, administration of T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> to control pregnant dams decreased plasma T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> of the adult female offspring only, whereas T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> together with maternal alcohol consumption or pair-feeding led to decreased TSH and T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> in the adult female offspring. Our results suggest that ethanol consumption and T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> administration alter maternal HPT function, leading to prenatally programmed permanent alterations in the thyroid function of the adult offspring. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00022.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,3]],"date-time":"2004-05-03T20:19:08Z","timestamp":1083615548000},"page":"E318-E326","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Prenatal programming of adult thyroid function by alcohol and thyroid hormones"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"287","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Slone Wilcoxon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Medical School, The Asher Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva E.","family":"Redei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Medical School, The Asher Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4004(03)00115-2"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1997.tb04490.x"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0419"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0018-506X(85)90042-X"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.71020817.x"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1990.tb03915.x"},{"key":"R7","unstructured":"Bishnoi A and Sachmechi I. 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