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Eight Holstein calves (32 \u00b1 11 days, 70 \u00b1 10 kg) were surgically catheterized with indwelling intravenous jugular and atlanto-occipital space cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) catheters and infused for 6 h in random order with isomolar dl-lactic acid (dl-LA), l-lactic acid (l-LA), hydrochloric acid (HCl), or saline. dl-LA induced ataxia after 4 h of infusion and produced the greatest obtunding of CNS function (at 7 h, score 8.0 \u00b1 0.4), whereas the other infusions caused neither ataxia nor scores over 1.5 ( P &lt; 0.01 from dl-LA). dl-LA induced significantly less acidemia than HCl (at 6 h pH 7.13 \u00b1 0.06 and 7.00 \u00b1 0.04, base excess \u221216 \u00b1 1 and \u221223 \u00b1 3 mmol\/l, bicarbonate 11 \u00b1 1 and 8 \u00b1 1 mmol\/l respectively, all P &lt; 0.01) but greater than l-LA and saline ( P &lt; 0.01). CSF changes followed a similar but less pronounced pattern. 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