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We studied Fos expression in the medullary dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV), nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), and area postrema (AP) in four groups of rats with different thyroid states induced by a combination of drinking water and daily intraperitoneal injection for 1\u20134 wk: 1) tap water and vehicle; 2) 0.1% propylthiouracil (PTU) and vehicle; 3) PTU and thyroxine (T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>; 2 \u03bcg\/100 g); and 4) tap water and T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>(10 \u03bcg\/100 g). The numbers of Fos immunoreactive (IR) positive neurons in the DMV, NTS, and AP were low in euthyroid rats but significantly higher in the 4-wk duration in hypothyroid rats, which were prevented by simultaneous T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>replacement. Hyperthyroidism had no effect on Fos expression in these areas. There were significant negative correlations between T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>levels and the numbers of Fos-IR-positive neurons in the DMV ( r = \u22120.6388, P &lt; 0.008), NTS ( r = \u22120.6741, P &lt; 0.003), and AP ( r = \u22120.5622, P &lt; 0.004). Double staining showed that Fos immunoreactivity in the DMV of hypothyroid rats was mostly localized in choline acetyltransferase-containing neurons. Thyroid hormone receptors \u03b11 and \u03b22 were localized in the observed nuclei. These results indicate that thyroid hormone influences the DMV\/NTS\/AP neuronal activity, which may contribute to the vagal-related visceral disorders observed in hypothyroidism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00108.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,29]],"date-time":"2005-06-29T00:33:47Z","timestamp":1120005227000},"page":"E892-E899","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hypothyroidism increases Fos immunoreactivity in cholinergic neurons of brain medullary dorsal vagal complex in 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