{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T01:58:09Z","timestamp":1762999089476},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>TNF-\u03b1 is elevated in many states of insulin resistance, and acutely administered TNF-\u03b1 in vivo inhibits insulin-mediated hemodynamic effects and glucose uptake in muscle. In this study, we assess whether the inhibitory effects of TNF-\u03b1 are affected by insulin dose or muscle contraction. Whole body glucose infusion rate (GIR), femoral blood flow (FBF), hindleg vascular resistance, hindleg glucose uptake (HGU), 2-deoxyglucose uptake into muscles of the lower leg (R\u2032g) and hindleg metabolism of infused 1-methylxanthine (1-MX), a measure of capillary recruitment, were determined. Three groups were studied with and without infusion of TNF-\u03b1: euglycemic insulin-clamped, one-leg field-stimulated (2 Hz, 0.1 ms at 30 V), and saline-infused control anesthetized rats. Insulin infusions were 3, 10, or 30 mU \u00b7 kg<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\u00b7 min<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>for 2 h. 1-MX metabolism was maximally increased by all three doses of insulin. GIR, HGU, and R\u2032g were maximal at 10 mU and FBF was maximal at 30 mU of insulin. Contraction increased FBF, HGU, and 1-MX. TNF-\u03b1 (0.5 \u03bcg \u00b7 kg<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\u00b7 h<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>) totally blocked the 3 and 10 mU insulin-mediated increases in FBF and 1-MX, and partly blocked GIR, HGU, and R\u2032g. None of the increases due to twitch contraction was affected by TNF-\u03b1, and only the increase in FBF due to 30 mU of insulin was partly affected. We conclude that muscle capillary recruitment and glucose uptake due to high levels of insulin or muscle contraction under twitch stimuli at 2 Hz are resistant to TNF-\u03b1. These findings may have implications for ameliorating muscle insulin resistance resulting from increased plasma TNF-\u03b1 and for the differing mechanisms by which contraction and insulin recruit capillary flow in muscle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00119.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T19:52:43Z","timestamp":1425412363000},"page":"E654-E660","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["TNF-\u03b1 acutely inhibits vascular effects of physiological but not high insulin or contraction"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"285","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Wheatley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen 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