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The extent to which fetal anabolic capacity persists as the IUGR condition progresses is not known. We subjected fetal sheep to chronic placental insufficiency and tested whether prolonged amino acid infusion would increase protein accretion in these IUGR fetuses. IUGR fetal sheep were infused for 10 days with either mixed amino acids providing ~2 g\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (IUGR-AA) or saline (IUGR-Sal) during late gestation. At the end of the infusion, fetal plasma leucine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, and arginine concentrations were higher in the IUGR-AA than IUGR-Sal group ( P &lt; 0.05). Fetal plasma glucose, oxygen, insulin, IGF-1, cortisol, and norepinephrine concentrations were similar between IUGR groups, but glucagon concentrations were fourfold higher in the IUGR-AA group ( P &lt; 0.05). Net umbilical amino acid uptake rate did not differ between IUGR groups; thus the total amino acid delivery rate (net umbilical amino acid uptake + infusion rate) was higher in the IUGR-AA than IUGR-Sal group (30\u2009\u00b1\u20094 vs. 19\u2009\u00b1\u20091 \u03bcmol\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, P &lt; 0.05). Net umbilical glucose, lactate, and oxygen uptake rates were similar between IUGR groups. Fetal leucine oxidation rate, measured using a leucine tracer, was higher in the IUGR-AA than IUGR-Sal group (2.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 vs. 1.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 \u03bcmol\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, P &lt; 0.05). Fetal protein accretion rate was not statistically different between the IUGR groups (1.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4 and 0.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 \u03bcmol\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> in IUGR-AA and IUGR-Sal, respectively) due to variability in response to amino acids. Prolonged amino acid infusion into IUGR fetal sheep increased leucine oxidation rates with variable anabolic response. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00128.2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,11]],"date-time":"2018-09-11T17:42:05Z","timestamp":1536687725000},"page":"E1143-E1153","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Prolonged amino acid infusion into intrauterine growth-restricted fetal sheep increases leucine oxidation rates"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"315","author":[{"given":"Sandra G.","family":"Wai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Rozance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, 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