{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:18:54Z","timestamp":1765887534005},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a pivotal regulator of energy homeostasis. Although downstream targets of AMPK are widely characterized, the physiological factors governing isoform expression of this protein kinase are largely unknown. Nerve\/contractile activity has a major impact on the metabolic phenotype of skeletal muscle, therefore likely to influence AMPK isoform expression. Spinal cord injury represents an extreme form of physical inactivity, with concomitant changes in skeletal muscle metabolism. We assessed the influence of longstanding and recent spinal cord injury on protein abundance of AMPK isoforms in human skeletal muscle. We also determined muscle fiber type as a marker of glycolytic or oxidative metabolism. In subjects with longstanding complete injury, protein abundance of the AMPK\u03b33 subunit, as well as myosin heavy chain (MHC) IIa and IIx, were increased, whereas abundance of the AMPK\u03b31 subunit and MHC I were decreased. Similarly, abundance of AMPK\u03b33 and MHC IIa proteins were increased, whereas AMPK\u03b12, -\u03b21, and -\u03b31 subunits and MHC I abundance was decreased during the first year following injury, reflecting a more glycolytic phenotype of the skeletal muscle. However, in incomplete cervical lesions, partial recovery of muscle function attenuated the changes in the isoform profile of AMPK and MHC. Furthermore, exercise training (electrically stimulated leg cycling) partly normalized mRNA expression of AMPK isoforms. Thus, physical activity affects the relative expression of AMPK isoforms. In conclusion, skeletal muscle abundance of AMPK isoforms is related to physical activity and\/or muscle fiber type. Thus, physical\/neuromuscular activity is an important determinant of isoform abundance of AMPK and MCH. This further underscores the need for physical activity as part of a treatment regimen after spinal cord injury to maintain skeletal muscle metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00132.2013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,11]],"date-time":"2013-09-11T11:21:30Z","timestamp":1378898490000},"page":"E1071-E1080","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Altered content of AMP-activated protein kinase isoforms in skeletal muscle from spinal cord injured subjects"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"305","author":[{"given":"Emil","family":"Kostovski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Spinal Cord Injury, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway;"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 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