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The first part of this review will focus on findings supporting the hypothesis that activation of specific G proteins is essential for insulin secretion, including regulation of their function by posttranslational modifications at their COOH-terminal cysteines (e.g., isoprenylation). The second part will overview novel, non-receptor-dependent mechanism(s) whereby glucose might activate specific G proteins via protein histidine phosphorylation. The third section will review findings that appear to link abnormalities in the expression and\/or functional activation of these key signaling proteins to impaired insulin secretion. It is hoped that this review will establish a basis for future research in this area of islet signal transduction, which presents a significant potential, not only in identifying key signaling proteins that are involved in physiological insulin secretion, but also in examining potential abnormalities in this signaling cascade that lead to islet dysfunction and onset of diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00196.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T19:53:34Z","timestamp":1425412414000},"page":"E669-E684","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Regulatory roles for small G proteins in the pancreatic \u03b2-cell: lessons from models of impaired insulin secretion"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"285","author":[{"given":"Anjaneyulu","family":"Kowluru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences and the \u03b2-Cell Biochemistry Research Laboratory, John D. 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