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Although obesity developed due to hypothalamic Tsc1 excision in older Rip-Tsc1cKO animals, young animals displayed a prominent gain-of-function \u03b2-cell phenotype prior to the onset of obesity. The young Rip-Tsc1cKO animals displayed improved glycemic control due to mTOR-mediated enhancement of \u03b2-cell size, mass, and insulin production but not determinants of \u03b2-cell number (proliferation and apoptosis), consistent with an important anabolic role for mTOR in \u03b2-cell function. Furthermore, mTOR mediated these effects in the face of impaired Akt signaling in \u03b2-cells. 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