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Cells were cultured for 6 wk in media with four different vitamin B-6 concentrations (10, 20, 50, and 2,000 nM added pyridoxal, representing deficient, marginal, adequate, and supraphysiological conditions) that induced a range of steady-state cellular concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate. Total cellular lipid content was greatest in the deficient (10 nM pyridoxal) medium. The percentage of arachidonic acid and the ratio of arachidonic acid to linoleic acid in the total lipid fraction were \u223c15% lower in vitamin B-6-restricted cells, which suggests that vitamin B-6 restriction affects n-6 fatty acid interconversions. Metabolic flux studies indicated significantly lower fractional synthesis rate of oleic acid and arachidonic acid at 10, 20, and 50 nM pyridoxal, whereas that of eicosapentaenoic acid was lower in the cells cultured in 10 nM pyridoxal. Additionally, relative mRNA expressions of \u03945 and \u03946 desaturases were 40\u201350% lower in vitamin B-6-restricted cells. Overall, these findings suggest that vitamin B-6 restriction alters unsaturated fatty acid synthesis, particularly n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis. These results and observations of changes in human plasma fatty acid profiles caused by vitamin B-6 restriction suggest a mechanism by which vitamin B-6 inadequacy influences the cardiovascular risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00359.2012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,5]],"date-time":"2012-12-05T15:59:44Z","timestamp":1354723184000},"page":"E342-E351","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Vitamin B-6 restriction impairs fatty acid synthesis in cultured human hepatoma (HepG2) cells"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"304","author":[{"given":"Mei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Ralat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Garrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Melnyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. 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