{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:07:54Z","timestamp":1790629674611,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients can induce a lipodystrophy syndrome of peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. To test whether in this syndrome insulin resistance is associated with abnormal muscle handling of fatty acids, 12 HIV-1 patients (8 females\/4 males , age = 26 \u00b1 2 yr, HIV duratio n = 8 \u00b1 1 yr, body mass index = 22.0 \u00b1 1.0 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, on protease inhibitors and nucleoside analog RT inhibitors) and 12 healthy subjects were studied. HIV-1 patients had a total body fat content (assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) similar to that of controls (22 \u00b1 1 vs. 23 \u00b1 2%; P = 0.56), with a topographic fat redistribution characterized by reduced fat content in the legs (18 \u00b1 2 vs. 32 \u00b1 3%; P &lt; 0.01) and increased fat content in the trunk (25 \u00b1 2 vs. 19 \u00b1 2%; P = 0.03). In HIV-positive patients, insulin sensitivity (assessed by QUICKI) was markedly impaired (0.341 \u00b1 0.011 vs. 0.376 \u00b1 0.007; P = 0.012). HIV-positive patients also had increased total plasma cholesterol (216 \u00b1 20 vs. 174 \u00b1 9 mg\/dl; P = 0.05) and triglyceride (298 \u00b1 96 vs. 87 \u00b1 11 mg\/dl; P = 0.03) concentrations. Muscular triglyceride content assessed by means of<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H NMR spectroscopy was higher in HIV patients in soleus [92 \u00b1 12 vs. 42 \u00b1 5 arbitrary units (AU); P &lt; 0.01] and tibialis anterior (26 \u00b1 6 vs. 11 \u00b1 3 AU; P = 0.04) muscles; in a stepwise regression analysis, it was strongly associated with QUICKI ( R <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.27; P &lt; 0.0093). Even if the basal metabolic rate (assessed by indirect calorimetry) was comparable to that of normal subjects, postabsorptive lipid oxidation was significantly impaired (0.30 \u00b1 0.07 vs. 0.88 \u00b1 0.09 mg \u00b7 kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> \u00b7 min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; P &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, lipodystrophy in HIV-1 patients in antiretroviral treatment is associated with intramuscular fat accumulation, which may mediate the development of the insulin resistance syndrome. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00391.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T19:41:39Z","timestamp":1425411699000},"page":"E274-E280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Intramyocellular lipid accumulation and reduced whole  body lipid oxidation in HIV lipodystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"284","author":[{"given":"Livio","family":"Luzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit II, and"},{"name":"Clinical Spectroscopy Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and"},{"name":"International Center for Assessment of the Nutritional Status, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, 20132 Milan, 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