{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:57:36Z","timestamp":1790632656781,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)","award":["MOP-84206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-84206"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007476","name":"Canadian Diabetes Association (CDA)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CDA-OG-3-15-4924-RR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDA-OG-3-15-4924-RR"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007476","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Breastfeeding for \u226512 mo is recommended for optimal infant nutrition but may hold maternal benefits as well. Indeed, lactation has been associated with lower long-term risk of diabetes in the mother, but the mechanism by which it imparts sustained postweaning effects on glucose tolerance remains unclear. In this context, we postulated that lactation could potentially induce postweaning beneficial effects on glucose tolerance by modifying the natural history of insulin sensitivity and\/or pancreatic \u03b2-cell function over time. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the relationships between duration of lactation [\u22643 mo ( n = 70), 3\u201312 mo ( n = 140), and \u226512 mo ( n = 120)] and trajectories of insulin sensitivity\/resistance, \u03b2-cell function, and glycemia over the first 3 yr postpartum in a cohort of 330 women comprising the full spectrum of glucose tolerance in pregnancy, who underwent serial metabolic characterization, including oral glucose tolerance tests, at 3 mo, 1 yr, and 3 yr postpartum. The prevalence of dysglycemia (pre-diabetes\/diabetes) at 3 yr postpartum was lower in women who breastfed for \u226512 mo (12.5%) than in those who breastfed for \u22643 mo (21.4%) or for 3\u201312 mo (25.7%)(overall P = 0.028). On logistic regression analysis, lactation for \u226512 mo independently predicted a lower likelihood of prediabetes\/diabetes at 3 yr postpartum (OR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.18\u20130.78, P = 0.009). Notably, lactation for \u226512 mo predicted lesser worsening of insulin sensitivity\/resistance ( P &lt; 0.0001), fasting glucose ( P &lt; 0.0001), and 2-h glucose ( P = 0.011) over 3 yr compared with lactation \u22643 mo but no differences in \u03b2-cell function ( P \u2265 0.37). It has thus emerged that adherence to current breastfeeding recommendations reduces future diabetic risk through sustained postweaning effects on insulin sensitivity\/resistance but not \u03b2-cell function. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00403.2016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,13]],"date-time":"2016-12-13T21:20:37Z","timestamp":1481664037000},"page":"E215-E223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Prior lactation reduces future diabetic risk through sustained postweaning effects on insulin sensitivity"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"312","author":[{"given":"Harpreet","family":"Bajaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Hanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip W.","family":"Connelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"},{"name":"Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew","family":"Sermer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Zinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"},{"name":"Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Retnakaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"},{"name":"Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3552"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.2.299"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.01.011"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-0807"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000252831.06695.03"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3247-3"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(92)90103-H"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-002-1009-0"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-60-3-542"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1529"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.9.1462"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-1108"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0663"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157339909789804378"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02841.x"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.307"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-0043"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.03.016"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2009.1660"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0637"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.20.2601"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.1.8178"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0885-8"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-3048-0"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-0393"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00403.2016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T01:49:22Z","timestamp":1567993762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00403.2016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpendo.00403.2016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00403.2016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0193-1849","1522-1555"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0193-1849","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1555","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]}}}