{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:31:16Z","timestamp":1790519476936,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"CrossFit, Inc."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007311","name":"Cleveland Clinic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RPC 2013-1010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPC 2013-1010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007311","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UL1RR024989"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1RR024989"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by reductions in \u03b2-cell function and insulin secretion on the background of elevated insulin resistance. Aerobic exercise has been shown to improve \u03b2-cell function, despite a subset of T2D patients displaying \u201cexercise resistance.\u201d Further investigations into the effectiveness of alternate forms of exercise on \u03b2-cell function in the T2D patient population are needed. We examined the effect of a novel, 6-wk CrossFit functional high-intensity training (F-HIT) intervention on \u03b2-cell function in 12 sedentary adults with clinically diagnosed T2D (54\u2009\u00b1\u20092 yr, 166\u2009\u00b1\u200916 mg\/dl fasting glucose). Supervised training was completed 3 days\/wk, comprising functional movements performed at a high intensity in a variety of 10- to 20-min sessions. All subjects completed an oral glucose tolerance test and anthropometric measures at baseline and following the intervention. The mean disposition index, a validated measure of \u03b2-cell function, was significantly increased (PRE: 8.4\u2009\u00b1\u20093.1, POST: 11.5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.5, P = 0.02) after the intervention. Insulin processing inefficiency in the \u03b2-cell, expressed as the fasting proinsulin-to-insulin ratio, was also reduced (PRE: 2.40\u2009\u00b1\u20090.37, POST: 1.78\u2009\u00b1 0.30, P = 0.04). Increased \u03b2-cell function during the early-phase response to glucose correlated significantly with reductions in abdominal body fat ( R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>= 0.56, P = 0.005) and fasting plasma alkaline phosphatase ( R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>= 0.55, P = 0.006). Mean total body-fat percentage decreased significantly (\u0394: \u22121.17 0.30%, P = 0.003), whereas lean body mass was preserved (\u0394: +0.05\u2009\u00b1\u20090.68 kg, P = 0.94). We conclude that F-HIT is an effective exercise strategy for improving \u03b2-cell function in adults with T2D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00407.2016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]],"date-time":"2017-05-17T00:50:12Z","timestamp":1494982212000},"page":"E314-E320","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Functional high-intensity training improves pancreatic \u03b2-cell function in adults with type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"313","author":[{"given":"Stephan","family":"Nieuwoudt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio;"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciar\u00e1n E.","family":"Fealy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio;"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Foucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda R.","family":"Scelsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven K.","family":"Malin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mangesh","family":"Pagadala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio;"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Rocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bartolome","family":"Burguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7321-9917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John P.","family":"Kirwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio;"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio;"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00509.2014"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1500097"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(00)00323-4"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-6-1-45"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200106001-00013"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0330"},{"key":"B7","volume-title":"National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2014: Estimates of Diabetes and Its Burden in the United States","author":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2014"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440370028004"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00056.2004"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00127.2012"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345581"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1326.1999.00027.x"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.4.12.370"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-0070-x"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00336-3"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/48.3.M84"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00210.2009"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.42.2.273"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2010.00791.x"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0062"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133286"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2010007500030"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1986.10720112"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31828ba942"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP273480"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.33.5.486"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/hepatmon.31434"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-9910"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0032"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318289e59f"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-2021"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2232"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00269.2014"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2545"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.06.008"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2001.00828.x"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.3.295"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00277318","volume":"30","author":"Swislocki AL","year":"1987","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(88)90136-2"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.11.2867"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/36.6.875","volume":"36","author":"Van Hoof VO","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Chem"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00407.2016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T16:55:56Z","timestamp":1659027356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00407.2016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpendo.00407.2016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00407.2016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0193-1849","1522-1555"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0193-1849","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1555","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]}}}