{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T14:57:00Z","timestamp":1789657020872,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung","award":["CMPRG8F0062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMPRG8F0062"]}]},{"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung","award":["CMRPG8E0263"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG8E0263"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["16H01888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16H01888"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["18H05150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18H05150"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Excessive maternal high-fructose diet (HFD) during pregnancy and lactation has been reported to cause metabolic disorders in the offspring. Whether the infant\u2019s brain metabolism is disturbed by maternal HFD is largely unknown. Brain energy metabolism is elevated dramatically during fetal and postnatal development, whereby maternal nutrition is a key factor that determines cellular metabolism. Astrocytes, a nonneuronal cell type in the brain, are considered to support the high-energy demands of neurons by supplying lactate. In this study, the effects of maternal HFD on astrocytic glucose metabolism were investigated using hippocampal primary cultures of female infants. We found that glycolytic capacity and mitochondrial respiration and electron transport chain were suppressed by maternal HFD. Mitochondrial DNA copy number and mitochondrial transcription factor A expression were suppressed by maternal HFD. Western blots and immunofluorescent images further indicated that the glucose transporter 1 was downregulated whereas the insulin receptor-\u03b1, phospho-insulin receptor substrate-1 (Y612) and the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase were upregulated in the HFD group. Pioglitazone, which is known to increase astrocytic glucose metabolism, effectively reversed the suppressed glycolysis, and lactate release was restored. Moreover, pioglitazone also normalized oxidative phosphorylation with an increase of cytosolic ATP. Together, these results suggest that maternal HFD impairs astrocytic energy metabolic pathways that were reversed by pioglitazone. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00408.2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]],"date-time":"2019-01-22T15:57:45Z","timestamp":1548172665000},"page":"E622-E634","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Pioglitazone reversed the fructose-programmed astrocytic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation of female rat offspring"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"316","author":[{"given":"Chih-Wei","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Ying","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Hirase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Neuron-Glia Circuitry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan"},{"name":"Saitama University Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You-Lin","family":"Tain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Chia","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie Y. 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