{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:08:33Z","timestamp":1777446513260,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Pituitary hormones can act locally via autocrine\/paracrine mechanisms to modulate pituitary functions, which represents an interesting aspect of pituitary regulation other than the traditional hypothalamic input and feedback signals from the periphery. Somatolactin, a member of the growth hormone (GH)\/prolactin (PL) family, is a pleiotropic hormone with diverse functions, but its pituitary actions are still unknown. Recently, two SL isoforms, SL\u03b1 and SL\u03b2, have been cloned in grass carp. Based on the sequences obtained, recombinant proteins of carp SL\u03b1 and SL\u03b2 with similar bioactivity in inducing pigment aggregation in carp melanophores were produced. In carp pituitary cells, SL\u03b1 secretion and cell content were elevated by static incubation with recombinant carp SL\u03b1 and SL\u03b2, respectively. These stimulatory actions occurred with a parallel rise in SL\u03b1 mRNA level with no changes in SL\u03b2 secretion, cell content, and gene expression. In contrast, SL\u03b1 mRNA expression could be reduced by removing endogenous SL\u03b1 and SL\u03b2 with immunoneutralization. At the pituitary cell level, SL\u03b1 release, cell content, and mRNA expression induced by carp SL\u03b1 and SL\u03b2 could be blocked by inhibiting JAK2\/STAT5, PI3K\/Akt, MEK1\/2, and p38 MAPK, respectively. Furthermore, SL\u03b1 and SL\u03b2 induction also triggered rapid phosphorylation of STAT5, Akt, MEK1\/2, ERK1\/2, MKK3\/6, and p38 MAPK. These results suggest that 1) SL\u03b1 and SL\u03b2 produced locally in the carp pituitary can serve as novel autocrine\/paracrine stimulators for SL\u03b1 secretion and synthesis and 2) SL\u03b1 production induced by local release of SL\u03b1 and SL\u03b2 probably are mediated by the JAK2\/STAT5, PI3K\/Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00455.2012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,28]],"date-time":"2012-11-28T20:55:13Z","timestamp":1354136113000},"page":"E176-E186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Signal transduction mechanisms for autocrine\/paracrine regulation of somatolactin-\u03b1 secretion and synthesis in carp pituitary cells by somatolactin-\u03b1 and -\u03b2"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"304","author":[{"given":"Quan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anderson O. 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