{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T20:51:06Z","timestamp":1772571066795,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"7","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000041","name":"American Diabetes Association (ADA)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1-15-BS-018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1-15-BS-018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000041","name":"American Diabetes Association (ADA)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1-14-IN-38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1-14-IN-38"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81370318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81370318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the leading cause of mortality in diabetes. As the number of cases of diabetes continues to rise, it is urgent to develop new strategies to protect against DCM, which is characterized by cardiac hypertrophy, increased apoptosis, fibrosis, and altered insulin metabolism. The E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s), one component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, play vital roles in all of the features of DCM listed above. They also modulate the activity of several transcription factors involved in the pathogenesis of DCM. In addition, the E3s degrade both insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrates and also regulate insulin gene transcription, leading to insulin resistance and insulin deficiency. Therefore, the E3s may be a driving force for DCM. This review summarizes currently available studies to analyze the roles of the E3s in DCM, enriches our knowledge of how DCM develops, and provides a novel strategy to protect heart from diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00467.2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,10]],"date-time":"2016-02-10T23:55:11Z","timestamp":1455148511000},"page":"E473-E483","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Diabetic cardiomyopathy: role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"310","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China;"},{"name":"Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, China; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Mellen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"5","volume":"3","author":"Akhtar S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioimpacts"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2013.01.008"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-015-2416-0"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.252742"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60329"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvn083"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002819"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3171-6"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/CT:3:3:219"},{"key":"B10","volume-title":"National Diabetes Statistics Report: Estimates of Diabetes and its Burden in the United States, 2014","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2014"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.64.2.334"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1262-3636(07)70059-9"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/Y09-076"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.3.239"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01408-5"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808431"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C100008200"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.9.2541"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0012"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0214080"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M901758200"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/656795"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90716-X"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-052110-120012"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-4400"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.234369"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1983"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-012-0102-z"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1318951111"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)61427-4","volume":"275","author":"Huang H","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.84.1.1"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2007.02.015"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2011.04.028"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2013.09.031"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2006.11.004"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01259-09"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(74)90089-7"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.18.1.621"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M801011200"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)00134-9"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.41.11.1422"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404341102"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2011.01.019"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M703048200"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg632"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.112.265819"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.254730"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2006.07.012"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v6.i1.8"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-10-69"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.017046"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200422220"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31757"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000014252.37680.E4"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.02.029"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.012285"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000232273.11225.af"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119452"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/652097"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000713"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2012.09.090"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2006.02.001"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.8.899"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-0955"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2005.09.007"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00002934"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M701294200"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.214346"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.961565"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1881"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610290104"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-12-52"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.112.300521"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1577"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00796.2012"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079739"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.70.1.503"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1123374"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001457"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx700302s"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2015.06.008"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(72)90595-4"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C200444200"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2012.04.018"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-2498(98)00039-4"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11834"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.161506698"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2012.01145.x"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.86.12.1218"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-1164"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00340.2014"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.04.108"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M509630200"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-9-5"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3282f293c8"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1469"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12356"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R115.675165"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00326.2013"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00266.2001"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00910.2006"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2012.01538.x"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00650.2012"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00629.2013"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000109415.17511.18"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.689901"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2008.03.009"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.11.013"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.397885"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2013-1117"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131303"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.24.10941-10953.2004"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01636-06"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2010.11.006"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2015.07.011"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.11.030"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00467.2015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T22:05:46Z","timestamp":1654293946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00467.2015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"references-count":116,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpendo.00467.2015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00467.2015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0193-1849","1522-1555"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0193-1849","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1555","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]}}}