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Serum hormones were measured weekly and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were collected biweekly for analyses of thymus-derived lymphocyte (T cell) subtypes and natural killer (NK) cells. Compared with the other groups and to baseline throughout the drug exposure period, men receiving acyline alone had significant reductions in serum T (near or below castrate levels), dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol ( P &lt; 0.05). Medical castration significantly reduced the percentage of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells ( P &lt; 0.05), decreased mitogen-induced CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell IFN-\u03b3 expression, and increased the percentage of NK cells without affecting the ratio of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>to CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells and the expression of NK cell-activating receptor NKG2D or homing receptor CXCR1. No changes in immune composition were observed in subjects receiving placebo or acyline with replacement T. These data suggest that T and\/or its metabolites may help maintain the physiological balance of autoimmunity and protective immunity by preserving the number of regulatory T cells and the activation of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells. In addition, sex steroids suppress NK cell proliferation. This study supports a complex physiological role for T and\/or its metabolites in immune regulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00484.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,14]],"date-time":"2005-12-14T02:29:17Z","timestamp":1134527357000},"page":"E856-E863","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["Effect of medical castration on CD4<sup>+<\/sup>CD25<sup>+<\/sup>T cells, CD8<sup>+<\/sup>T cell IFN-\u03b3 expression, and NK cells: a physiological role for testosterone and\/or its metabolites"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"290","author":[{"given":"Stephanie T.","family":"Page","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Plymate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Bremner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvin M.","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel W.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John K.","family":"Amory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter S.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer D.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/IR:31:1:13"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(95)80155-3"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2005.02.018"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-11-3900"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-64-1-32"},{"key":"R6","unstructured":"Cohen JH, Danel L, Cordier G, Saez S, and Revillard JP.Sex steroid receptors in peripheral T cells: absence of androgen receptors and restriction of estrogen receptors to OKT8-positive cells.J Immunol131: 2767\u20132771, 1983."},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-8411(03)00121-5"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203304lu1094oa"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200423395"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fox HS, Bond BL, and Parslow TG.Estrogen regulates the IFN-gamma promoter.J Immunol146: 4362\u20134367, 1991.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.12.4362"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.4.6562"},{"key":"R12","unstructured":"Griffen JEand Wilson JD.The testis. 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