{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T05:42:46Z","timestamp":1769233366583,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001825","name":"Ministry of Science, Innovation and Higher Education | Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation (Styrelsen for Forskning og Innovation)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004836","name":"Det Frie Forskningsr\u00e5d (Danish Council for Independent Research)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004836","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Strategic Counsel for the Capital Area of Copenhagen"},{"name":"Unik: Food, Fitness & Pharma for Health and Disease"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) in patients with type 2 diabetes often leads to early disease remission, and it is unknown to what extent this involves improved pancreatic \u03b2-cell function per se and\/or enhanced insulin- and non-insulin-mediated glucose disposal (glucose effectiveness). We studied 30 obese patients, including 10 with type 2 diabetes, 8 with impaired glucose tolerance, and 12 with normal glucose tolerance before, 1 wk, and 3 mo after RYGB, using an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) to estimate first-phase insulin response, insulin sensitivity (S<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>), and glucose effectiveness with Bergman's minimal model. In the fasting state, insulin sensitivity was estimated by HOMA-S and \u03b2-cell function by HOMA-\u03b2. Moreover, mixed-meal tests and oral GTTs were performed. In patients with type 2 diabetes, glucose levels normalized after RYGB, first-phase insulin secretion in response to iv glucose increased twofold, and HOMA-\u03b2 already improved 1 wk postoperatively, with further enhancements at 3 mo. Insulin sensitivity increased in the liver (HOMA-S) at 1 wk and at 3 mo in peripheral tissues (S<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>), whereas glucose effectiveness did not improve significantly. During oral testing, GLP-1 responses and insulin secretion increased regardless of glucose tolerance. Therefore, in addition to increased insulin sensitivity and exaggerated postprandial GLP-1 levels, diabetes remission after RYGB involves early improvement of pancreatic \u03b2-cell function per se, reflected in enhanced first-phase insulin secretion to iv glucose and increased HOMA-\u03b2. A major role for improved glucose effectiveness after RYGB was not supported by this study. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00506.2014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,28]],"date-time":"2015-01-28T05:21:31Z","timestamp":1422422491000},"page":"E535-E544","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Immediate enhancement of first-phase insulin secretion and unchanged glucose effectiveness in patients with type 2 diabetes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"308","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7210-0807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoffer","family":"Martinussen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark;"},{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirstine 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