{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:14:25Z","timestamp":1790428465401,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001784","name":"Victoria University (VU)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RDGS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDGS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Heart Foundation Future Fellow","award":["ID: 100040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID: 100040"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Research Program"},{"name":"Australian Government Collaborative Research Network Grant Scheme"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> \u2014Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in skeletal muscle may play a role in potentiating the beneficial responses to exercise; however, the effects of exercise-induced ROS on insulin action and protein signaling in humans has not been fully elucidated. Seven healthy, recreationally active participants volunteered for this double-blind, randomized, repeated-measures crossover study. Exercise was undertaken with infusion of saline (CON) or the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to attenuate ROS. Participants performed two 1-h cycling exercise sessions 7\u201314 days apart, 55 min at 65% V\u0307o<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub> plus 5 min at 85%V\u0307o<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>, followed 3 h later by a 2-h hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (40 mIU\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) to determine insulin sensitivity. Four muscle biopsies were taken on each trial day, at baseline before NAC infusion (BASE), after exercise (EX), after 3-h recovery (REC), and post-insulin clamp (PI). Exercise, ROS, and insulin action on protein phosphorylation were evaluated with immunoblotting. NAC tended to decrease postexercise markers of the ROS\/protein carbonylation ratio by \u221213.5% ( P = 0.08) and increase the GSH\/GSSG ratio twofold vs. CON ( P &lt; 0.05). Insulin sensitivity was reduced (\u22125.9%, P &lt; 0.05) by NAC compared with CON without decreased phosphorylation of Akt or AS160. Whereas p-mTOR was not significantly decreased by NAC after EX or REC, phosphorylation of the downstream protein synthesis target kinase p70S6K was blunted by 48% at PI with NAC compared with CON ( P &lt; 0.05). We conclude that NAC infusion attenuated muscle ROS and postexercise insulin sensitivity independent of Akt signaling. ROS also played a role in normal p70S6K phosphorylation in response to insulin stimulation in human skeletal muscle. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00605.2014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,24]],"date-time":"2015-06-24T02:11:20Z","timestamp":1435111880000},"page":"E388-E397","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Effect of <i>N<\/i>-acetylcysteine infusion on exercise-induced modulation of insulin sensitivity and signaling pathways in human skeletal muscle"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"309","author":[{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Trewin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sport and Exercise Science and"},{"name":"Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonidas S.","family":"Lundell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of 3Physiology and Pharmacology 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