{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:29:08Z","timestamp":1762100948892},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Platelet-activating factor (PAF), an endogenous proinflammatory phospholipid, when injected intravascularly to rats and mice, causes shock, acute bowel injury, and a rapid activation of NF-\u03baB p50-p50 with upregulation of the chemokine CXCL2 in the intestine. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of NF-\u03baB activation and the role of the NF-\u03baB p50 subunit in PAF-induced shock and acute bowel injury. NF-\u03baB p50-deficient mice and wild-type mice were anesthetized and tracheotomized, and their carotid artery was cannulated for blood pressure monitoring, blood sampling, and PAF administration. For determination of bowel injury, shock, and survival, PAF (2.2 \u03bcg\/kg, intra-arterially, i.a.) was injected. Two hours later, animals were euthanized, and their small intestines were removed for histological examination. For biochemical studies, PAF (1.5 \u03bcg\/kg i.a.) was administered and the small intestine removed after 15\u201360 min. We found that PAF induced an increase in p105 processing within 30 min, but there were no changes in the levels of the NF-\u03baB inhibitory proteins I\u03baB\u03b1 and \u03b2. NF-\u03baB p50-deficient mice were protected against PAF-induced mortality, shock, intestinal hypoperfusion, and injury compared with wild-type animals. We also found that p50-deficient mice had decreased gene expression of CXCL2 and TNF and a decrease in CXCL2 protein production compared with wild-type mice. Our study suggests that PAF increases the processing of NF-\u03baB p105 into p50, with upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, which leads to PAF-induced systemic inflammatory response and acute bowel injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00053.2009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,22]],"date-time":"2009-05-22T00:35:16Z","timestamp":1242952516000},"page":"G76-G81","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Platelet-activating factor induces the processing of nuclear factor-\u03baB p105 into p50, which mediates acute bowel injury in mice"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"297","author":[{"given":"Shirley X. L.","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Runlan","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Baskind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Hsueh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle G.","family":"De Plaen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.728303"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.25.15494"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199703000-00012"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2760(98)00024-1"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703055"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2002.01453.x"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2006.02344.x"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/pdr.0b013e3180534219"},{"key":"R10","unstructured":"Deryckere F, Gannon F.A one-hour minipreparation technique for extraction of DNA-binding proteins from animal tissues.Biotechniques16: 405, 1994."},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.02.103"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.3.1443"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-5133fje"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.061042"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.7.7b.1354"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.9.5786"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.16.1.225"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00231.2004"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1228704"},{"key":"R20","unstructured":"Hsueh W, De Plaen IG, Caplan MS, Qu XW, Tan XD, Gonzalez-Crussi F.Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: clinical aspects, experimental models and pathogenesis.World J Pediatr3: 17\u201329, 2006."},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.1.5.3678700"},{"key":"R22","unstructured":"Hsueh W, Gonzalez-Crussi F, Arroyave JL.Platelet-activating factor-induced ischemic bowel necrosis. An investigation of secondary mediators in its pathogenesis.Am J Pathol122: 231\u2013239, 1986."},{"key":"R23","unstructured":"Hsueh W, Sun X, Rioja LN, Gonzalez-Crussi F.The role of the complement system in shock and tissue injury induced by tumour necrosis factor and endotoxin.Immunology70: 309\u2013314, 1990."},{"key":"R24","unstructured":"Huang L, Tan X, Crawford SE, Hsueh W.Platelet-activating factor and endotoxin induce tumour necrosis factor gene expression in rat intestine and liver.Immunology83: 65\u201369, 1994."},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-05-1450"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2005.02.007"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01175.2005"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.25.14928"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1990.258.1.G158"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri910"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200303-412OC"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mizgerd JP, Lupa MM, Spieker MS.NF-kappaB p50 facilitates neutrophil accumulation during LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation.BMC Immunol9: 5\u201310, 2004.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-5-10"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1989.257.4.R872"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0996-998"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.227bf.x"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.9.1220"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun XM, Hsueh W.Platelet-activating factor produces shock, in vivo complement activation, and tissue injury in mice.J Immunol147: 509\u2013514, 1991.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.147.2.509"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(94)90105-8"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan XD, Wang H, Gonzalez-Crussi FX, Chang H, Gonzalez-Crussi F, Hsueh W.Platelet activating factor and endotoxin increase the enzyme activity and gene expression of type II phospholipase A2 in the rat intestine. Role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.J Immunol156: 2985\u20132990, 1996.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.8.2985"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02637086"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1990.259.1.G140"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90438-0"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3220603"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00053.2009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T08:09:17Z","timestamp":1685002157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00053.2009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpgi.00053.2009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00053.2009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0193-1857","1522-1547"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0193-1857","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1547","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}}}