{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T18:17:04Z","timestamp":1758478624233},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Polarized Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>signals that originate at and spread from the apical pole have been shown to occur in acinar cells from lacrimal, parotid, and pancreatic glands. However, \u201clocal\u201d Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>signals, that are restricted to the apical pole of the cell, have been previously demonstrated only in pancreatic acinar cells in which the primary function of the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>signal is to regulate exocytosis. We show that submandibular acinar cells, in which the primary function of the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>signal is to drive fluid and electrolyte secretion, are capable of both Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>waves and local Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>signals. The generally accepted model for fluid and electrolyte secretion requires simultaneous Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-activation of basally located K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>channels and apically located Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>channels. Whereas a propagated cell-wide Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>signal is clearly consistent with this model, a local Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>signal is not, because there is no increase in intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>concentration at the basal pole of the cell. Our data provide the first direct demonstration, in submandibular acinar cells, of the apical and basal location of the Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>and K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>channels, respectively, and confirm that local Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>signals do not Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-activate K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>channels. We reevaluate the model for fluid and electrolyte secretion and demonstrate that Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-activation of the Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>channels is sufficient to voltage-activate the K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>channels and thus demonstrate that local Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>signals are sufficient to support fluid secretion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00096.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T00:26:50Z","timestamp":1092356810000},"page":"G118-G124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Local and global calcium signals and fluid and electrolyte secretion in mouse submandibular acinar cells"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"288","author":[{"given":"A. R.","family":"Harmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. 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