{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T12:29:51Z","timestamp":1791116991889,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Calmodulin (Cal) plays important roles for contractile activity in smooth muscles. Recently, two distinct Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-binding protein superfamilies with sequence similarities to Cal have been identified in neuronal cells: neuronal Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-binding proteins (NCBPs) and Cal-like Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-binding proteins (CaBPs). Some NCBPs and CaBPs play significant roles for Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-dependent cellular signaling in the nervous system. In gastrointestinal smooth muscles (GISMs), Cal functions as the regulator of contractile behavior and electrical rhythmicity. However, the molecular identification of NCBPs and CaBPs has not been elucidated in GISMs. Here, we have identified NCBPs and CaBPs expressed in GISMs and determined the expression levels of their transcripts by quantitative RT-PCR. Of 12 NCBPs, the transcripts for neuronal Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>sensor 1, neural visinin-like proteins 1, 2, and 3, and K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>channel-interacting proteins 1 and 3 were detected in proximal colon, gastric fundus, gastric antrum, and jejunum. 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