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The NF-\u03baB decoy was introduced into livers by injecting the spleens of mice, using a hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-liposome method. ODN was transferred mainly to macrophages in normal or fibrotic livers. Increases in serum transaminases and production of inflammatory cytokines after a single challenge with CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> were inhibited by the NF-\u03baB decoy, which suppressed nuclear translocation of NF-\u03baB in liver macrophages. Liver fibrosis induced by CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> administration for 8 wk was suppressed by the NF-\u03baB decoy, accompanied by diminished mRNA expression for transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b2, procollagen type 1 \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, and \u03b1-smooth muscle actin (SMA). In vitro, isolated liver macrophages showed increased DNA binding activity of NF-\u03baB and inflammatory cytokine production after hydrogen peroxide treatment; both increases were inhibited significantly by the NF-\u03baB decoy. In contrast, NF-\u03baB decoy transferred to isolated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) had no effect on their morphological activation or \u03b1-SMA expression, although the decoy accelerated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1-induced apoptosis in activated HSC. The effect of NF-\u03baB decoy suppressing fibrosis probably results mainly from anti-inflammatory effects on liver macrophages, with a possible minor contribution from its direct proapoptotic effect on activated HSC. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00185.2007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,20]],"date-time":"2007-07-20T00:44:26Z","timestamp":1184892266000},"page":"G631-G639","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Selective inactivation of NF-\u03baB in the liver using NF-\u03baB decoy suppresses CCl<sub>4<\/sub>-induced liver injury and fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"293","author":[{"given":"Gakuhei","family":"Son","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Iimuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekihiro","family":"Seki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadamichi","family":"Hirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasufumi","family":"Kaneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiro","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.14.1.649"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-17558"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0748-5514(85)90026-1"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80413-4"},{"key":"R5","unstructured":"Britton RS, Bacon BR. 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