{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T17:18:49Z","timestamp":1784135929762,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>5\u2032 mRNA variants of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) are generated either by alternative promoter usage resulting in different mRNAs that encode for the same protein (nNOS\u03b1) or alternative splicing encoding NH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-terminally truncated proteins (nNOS\u03b2\/\u03b3) that lack the PDZ\/GLGF domain for protein-protein interaction of nNOS\u03b1. We studied the expression of 5\u2032 nNOS mRNA forms and nNOS-interacting proteins (postsynaptic density protein-95; PSD-95) in the rat gastrointestinal tract and analyzed the more distinct localization of nNOS protein variants in the duodenum by immunohistochemistry with COOH- and NH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-terminal nNOS antibodies. 5\u2032 nNOS mRNA variants showed a site-specific expression along the gastrointestinal tract with presence of all forms (nNOS\u03b1-a, -b, -c; nNOS\u03b2) in the muscle layer of esophagus, stomach, duodenum, longitudinal muscle layer of jejunum\/ileum, proximal colon, and rectum. In contrast, a lack of nNOS\u03b1-a and nNOS\u03b2 mRNA was observed in pylorus, circular muscle layer of jejunum\/ileum, and cecum. Expression of nNOS\u03b1 and nNOS\u03b2 cDNAs revealed proteins of \u223c155 kDa and 135\/125 kDa, respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed a differential distribution of COOH- and NH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-terminal nNOS immunoreactivity in distinct layers of rat duodenum, suggesting a cell-specific expression and distinct compartmentalization of nNOS proteins. Observed distribution of 5\u2032 nNOS mRNA variants and proteins argue for a complex control of nNOS expression by usage of separate promoters, cell- and site-specific splicing mechanisms, and translational initiation. These mechanisms could be involved in gastrointestinal motor diseases and may explain the phenotype of nNOS\u03b1 knockout mice with gastric stasis and pyloric stenosis, due to a total loss of nNOS in the pyloric sphincter region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00226.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T19:55:03Z","timestamp":1425412503000},"page":"G349-G358","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Site-specific gene expression of nNOS variants in distinct functional regions of rat gastrointestinal tract"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"282","author":[{"given":"Dieter","family":"Saur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winfried L.","family":"Neuhuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy I, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Gengenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Schusdziarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Dieter","family":"Allescher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1996.271.4.G568"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/351714a0"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81053-3"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/345346a0"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1997.273.6.C1868"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.39.27467"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.50.32153"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.12.10.773"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33082","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(20)30099-5","volume":"269","author":"Hall AV","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90615-W"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.8.5504"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1998.275.5.G1146"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(97)80064-5"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1999.276.6.G1521"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119673"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-23-10305.1999"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(92)90087-T"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.16509"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15977","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)33959-5","volume":"269","author":"Murthy KS","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI627"},{"key":"B21","first-page":"913","volume":"379","author":"Oberbaumer I","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713803520"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410100410"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v111.pm8690216"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1992.262.3.G379"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70171-5"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)91454-C"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0497-336"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.pm9352855"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70029-0"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02867-5"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.17.11392"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevNeurobiol.v13.i1.20"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.21.12150"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(98)00191-5"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI8273"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.4.1242"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.4.1851"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410051009"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00226.2001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T08:49:55Z","timestamp":1651394995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00226.2001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpgi.00226.2001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00226.2001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0193-1857","1522-1547"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0193-1857","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1547","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,1]]}}}