{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:10:54Z","timestamp":1790791854118,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Common bile duct ligation (CBDL) triggers a molecular cascade resulting in the hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS). Both increased hepatic endothelin-1 (ET-1) production and pulmonary vascular ET\n                    <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor expression with stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and TNF-\u03b1 mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase-1 expression in pulmonary intravascular macrophages occur. Whether biliary cirrhosis is unique in triggering ET-1 and TNF-\u03b1 alterations and HPS is unknown. We evaluated for HPS in rat prehepatic portal hypertension [partial portal vein ligation (PVL)], biliary (CBDL) and nonbiliary [thioacetamide treatment (TAA)] cirrhosis, and assessed ET-1 infusion in normal and PVL animals. Control, PVL, CBDL, TAA-treated, and ET-1-infused PVL animals had ET-1 and TNF-\u03b1 levels measured and underwent molecular and physiological evaluation for HPS. HPS developed only in biliary cirrhosis in association with increased plasma ET-1 and TNF-\u03b1 levels and the development of established molecular changes in the pulmonary microvasculature. In contrast, PVL did not increase ET-1 or TNF-\u03b1 levels and TAA treatment increased TNF-\u03b1 levels alone, and neither resulted in the full development of molecular or physiological changes of HPS despite portal pressure increases similar to those after CBDL. Exogenous ET-1 increased TNF-\u03b1 levels and triggered HPS after PVL. Combination of ET-1 and TNF-\u03b1 overproduction is unique to biliary cirrhosis and associated with experimental HPS. ET-1 infusion increases TNF-\u03b1 levels and triggers HPS in prehepatic portal hypertension. ET-1 and TNF-\u03b1 interact to trigger pulmonary microvascular changes in experimental HPS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00298.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,30]],"date-time":"2004-01-30T20:09:44Z","timestamp":1075493384000},"page":"G294-G303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["ET-1 and TNF-\u03b1 in HPS: analysis in prehepatic portal hypertension and biliary and nonbiliary cirrhosis in rats"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"286","author":[{"given":"Bao","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lichuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junlan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqun","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael 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