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SBS infants fed human milk, compared with formula, have more rapid intestinal adaptation. We tested the hypothesis that the major noncaloric human milk oligosaccharide 2\u2032-fucosyllactose (2\u2032-FL) contributes to the adaptive response after intestinal resection. Using a previously described murine model of intestinal adaptation, we demonstrated increased weight gain from 21 to 56 days ( P &lt; 0.001) and crypt depth at 56 days ( P &lt; 0.0095) with 2\u2032-FL supplementation after ileocecal resection. Furthermore, 2\u2032-FL increased small bowel luminal content microbial alpha diversity following resection ( P &lt; 0.005) and stimulated a bloom in organisms of the genus Parabacteroides (log<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-fold = 4.1, P = 0.035). Finally, transcriptional analysis of the intestine revealed enriched ontologies and pathways related to antimicrobial peptides, metabolism, and energy processing. 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