{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:25:31Z","timestamp":1761611131749},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A prominent pathological feature of murine autoimmune gastritis is a pronounced mucosal hypertrophy. Here, we examined factors that may be responsible for inducing this hypertrophy. Because gastrin is known to be both an inducer of gastric mucosal cell proliferation and is elevated in autoimmune gastritis, mice deficient in gastrin were thymectomised at day 3 and assessed for autoimmune gastritis. Gastrin-deficient mice showed all the characteristic features of murine autoimmune gastritis, including gastric unit hypertrophy due to hyperproliferation and accumulation of immature epithelial cells, decreases in the number of zymogenic and parietal cells, and autoantibodies to the gastric H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-ATPase. Hence, gastrin is not required for either the establishment of chronic gastritis or development of the typical pathological features of this disease. We also examined mRNA levels of a number of gastric mucosal growth factors in RNA samples from mice with hypertrophic autoimmune gastritis. Members of the Reg family, RegIII\u03b2 and RegIII\u03b3, were greatly elevated in mice with hypertrophic gastritis, whereas RegI and amphiregulin (an EGF receptor ligand) were more modestly and\/or inconsistently induced. These data demonstrate that induction of gastric mitogenic factors, such as members of the Reg family, can be achieved in inflammatory situations by gastrin-independent pathways. Members of the Reg family, in particular RegIII\u03b2 and RegIII\u03b3, are good candidates to be involved in inducing the mucosal hyperproliferation in autoimmune gastritis. These findings are likely to be of relevance to other gastric inflammatory conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00469.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,18]],"date-time":"2004-06-18T00:29:52Z","timestamp":1087518592000},"page":"G910-G918","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Growth factors associated with gastric mucosal hypertrophy in autoimmune gastritis"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"287","author":[{"given":"Teo V.","family":"Franic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise M.","family":"Judd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nhung V.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda C.","family":"Samuelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate L.","family":"Loveland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andy S.","family":"Giraud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Gleeson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian R.","family":"van Driel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(00)00059-7"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018897922644"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.2.419"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v111.pm8698224"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830260737"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1998.00436.x"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.63.1.119"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.38.22417"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.281.6.G1502"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1998.274.3.G561"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70027-7"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1996.tb00901.x"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4781(00)00284-0"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70495-6"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1999.277.1.G209"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)03398-7"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63625-5"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092360202"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.20262"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kinoshita Yand Ishihara S.Mechanism of gastric mucosal proliferation induced by gastrin.J Gastroenterol Hepatol15,Suppl: D7\u201311, 2000.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2000.02145.x"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02774829"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8964405"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1120233"},{"key":"R24","unstructured":"Morley GP, Callaghan JM, Rose JB, Toh BH, Gleeson PA, and van Driel IR.The mouse gastric H-K-ATPase \u03b2 subunit: gene structure and co-ordinate expression with the \u03b1 subunit during ontogeny.J Biol Chem267: 1165\u20131174, 1992."},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005340050115"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silveira PA, Baxter AG, Cain WE, and van Driel IR.A major linkage region on distal chromosome 4 confers susceptibility to mouse autoimmune gastritis.J Immunol162: 5106\u20135111, 1999.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.9.5106"},{"key":"R27","unstructured":"Toh BH, Gleeson PA, Whittingham S, and van Driel IR.Autoimmune gastritis and pernicious anemia. 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