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Over the course of the last three decades, much progress has been made in identifying the factors that trigger the biliary epithelium to remodel and grow. Because a large number of autocrine factors have recently been identified as relevant clinical targets, a compiled review of their contributions and function in cholestatic liver diseases would be beneficial. In this context, it is important to define the specific processes triggered by autocrine factors that promote cholangiocytes to proliferate, activate neighboring cells, and ultimately lead to extracellular matrix deposition. In this review, we discuss the role of each of the known autocrine factors with particular emphasis on proliferation and fibrogenesis. Because many of these molecules interact with one another throughout the progression of liver fibrosis, a model speculating their involvement in the progression of cholestatic liver disease is also presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00482.2011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,23]],"date-time":"2011-12-23T05:48:19Z","timestamp":1324619299000},"page":"G473-G483","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Autocrine regulation of biliary pathology by activated cholangiocytes"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"302","author":[{"given":"Kendal","family":"Jensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scott &amp; White Digestive Disease Research Center,"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Scott &amp; White Healthcare and Texas A&amp;M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, 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