{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T16:02:51Z","timestamp":1791129771801,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Endogenous glucocorticoids are known to play a role in the regulation of the inflammatory response possibly by modulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression. We examined endogenous glucocorticoid secretion, hepatic damage, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA expression and release in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) after treatment with vehicle or a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist (RU-486). Rats treated with CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>demonstrated striking elevations of plasma corticosterone levels. Inhibition of endogenous glucocorticoid activity by pretreatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU-486 resulted in augmented CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-mediated hepatotoxicity, as reflected by histology and serum transaminase levels, which were independent of alterations in serum TNF-\u03b1 levels or hepatic mRNA expression. CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>treatment resulted in enhanced hepatic IL-10 mRNA expression and elevated serum IL-10 levels, which were markedly attenuated by glucocorticoid receptor blockade. In summary, significant endogenous glucocorticoid release occurs during acute toxic liver injury in the rat and suppresses the inflammatory response independent of effects on TNF-\u03b1 but possibly by upregulating hepatic IL-10 production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1999.276.1.g199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,24]],"date-time":"2017-12-24T09:57:52Z","timestamp":1514109472000},"page":"G199-G205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Endogenous glucocorticoids released during acute toxic liver injury enhance hepatic IL-10 synthesis and release"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"276","author":[{"given":"Mark G.","family":"Swain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Appleyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"issue":"26","key":"B1","first-page":"G579","volume":"263","author":"Akerman P.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. 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