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EGF level was elevated 1 day after ulcer induction in salivary glands and serum, and 4 days after ulcer induction in the gastric mucosa. However, cigarette smoke depressed these beneficial effects and EGF mRNA expression in salivary glands and gastric mucosa. Cigarette smoke delayed gastric ulcer healing and reduced cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and mucus synthesis. Exogenous EGF (10 and 20 \u03bcg\/kg iv) before smoke exposure reversed the adverse effects of cigarette smoke, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor level and nitric oxide synthase activity were unaffected. It is concluded that the detrimental effect of cigarette smoke on ulcer healing is a consequence of reduction of angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and mucus secretion through the depressive action on EGF biosynthesis and its mRNA expression in salivary glands and gastric mucosa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2000.278.1.g10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,24]],"date-time":"2017-12-24T15:19:07Z","timestamp":1514128747000},"page":"G10-G17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Reduction of EGF is associated with the delay of ulcer healing by cigarette smoking"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"278","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pharmacology and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. P.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pharmacology and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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