{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T21:42:32Z","timestamp":1778622152836,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the neural pathways innervating Brunner's glands using a novel in vitro model of acinar secretion from Brunner's glands in submucosal preparations from the guinea pig duodenum. Neural pathways were activated by focal electrical stimulation and excitatory agonists, and videomicroscopy was used to monitor dilation of acinar lumen. Electrical stimulation of perivascular nerves evoked large dilations that were blocked by TTX (1 \u03bcM) or the muscarinic receptor antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy- N-(2-chloroethyl)-piperidine hydrochloride (1 \u03bcM). The nicotinic agonist 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide (100 \u03bcM) had no effect, and the nerve-evoked responses were not inhibited by hexamethonium (200 \u03bcM). Dilations were abolished in preparations from chronically vagotomized animals. Activation of submucosal ganglia significantly dilated submucosal arterioles but not Brunner's glands. Effects of electrical stimulation of perivascular and submucosal nerves were not altered by guanethidine. Capsaicin and substance P also dilated arterioles but had no effect on Brunner's glands. Cholinergic (choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive) nerve fibers were found in Brunner's glands. These findings demonstrate that Brunner's glands are innervated by cholinergic vagal fibers but not by capsaicin-sensitive or intrinsic enteric nerves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2000.279.5.g910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,24]],"date-time":"2017-12-24T15:21:04Z","timestamp":1514128864000},"page":"G910-G917","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Neural pathways regulating Brunner's gland secretion in guinea pig duodenum in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"279","author":[{"given":"Beverley A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 5G2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Queen's University, Kingston, 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