{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T16:06:20Z","timestamp":1792857980205,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The role of Kupffer cells in CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    -induced fibrosis was investigated in vivo. Male Wistar rats were treated with phenobarbital and CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    for 9 wk, and a group of rats were injected with the Kupffer cell toxicant gadolinium chloride (GdCl\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) or were fed glycine, which inactivates Kupffer cells. After CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    alone, the fibrosis score was 3.0 \u00b1 0.1 and collagen protein and mRNA expression were elevated, but GdCl\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    or glycine blunted these parameters. Glycine did not alter cytochrome P-450 2E1, making it unlikely that glycine affects CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    metabolism. Treatment with GdCl\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    or glycine prevented CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    -induced increases in transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b21 protein levels and expression. CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    treatment increased \u03b1-smooth muscle actin staining (score 3.0 \u00b1 0.2), whereas treatment with GdCl\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    and glycine during CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    exposure blocked this effect (1.2 \u00b1 0.5); there was no staining with glycine treatment. These results support previous in vitro data and demonstrate that treatment of rats with the selective Kupffer cell toxicant GdCl\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    prevents stellate cell activation and the development of fibrosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.281.1.g200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,24]],"date-time":"2017-12-24T10:41:50Z","timestamp":1514112110000},"page":"G200-G207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["Attenuation of CCl\n                    <sub>4<\/sub>\n                    -induced hepatic fibrosis by GdCl\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    treatment or dietary glycine"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"281","author":[{"given":"C. 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