{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:58:38Z","timestamp":1790193518844,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) regulate CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) secretion in schistosome granulomas. The role of IL-12 was determined using C57BL\/6 and CBA mice. C57BL\/6 IL-4 \u2212\/\u2212 granuloma cells were stimulated to produce IFN-\u03b3 when cultured with IL-10 or TGF-\u03b2 neutralizing monoclonal antibody. In comparison, C57BL\/6 wild-type (WT) control granuloma cells produced less IFN-\u03b3. IL-12, IL-18, and soluble egg antigen stimulated IFN-\u03b3 release from C57BL\/6 IL-4 \u2212\/\u2212 and WT mice. IFN-\u03b3 production in C57 IL-4 \u2212\/\u2212 and WT granulomas was IL-12 dependent, because IL-12 blockade partly abrogated IFN-\u03b3 secretion after stimulation. All granuloma cells released IL-12 (p70 and p40), and IL-12 production remained constant after anti-TGF-\u03b2, anti-IL-10, recombinant IL-18, or antigen stimulation. C57 WT and IL-4 \u2212\/\u2212 mouse granuloma cells expressed IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) \u03b21-subunit mRNA but little \u03b22 mRNA. TGF-\u03b2 or IL-10 blockade did not influence \u03b21 or \u03b22 mRNA expression. CBA mouse dispersed granuloma cells released no measurable IFN-\u03b3, produced IL-12 p70 and little p40, and expressed IL-12R \u03b22 and little \u03b21 mRNA. In T helper 2 (Th2) granulomas of C57BL\/6 WT and IL-4 \u2212\/\u2212 mice, cells produce IL-12 (for IFN-\u03b3 production) and IL-10 and TGF-\u03b2 modulate IFN-\u03b3 secretion via mechanisms independent of IL-12 and IL-12R mRNA regulation. We found substantial differences in control of granuloma IFN-\u03b3 production and IL-12 circuitry in C57BL\/6 and CBA mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.281.4.g940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,24]],"date-time":"2017-12-24T16:04:32Z","timestamp":1514131472000},"page":"G940-G946","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["TGF-\u03b2 and IL-10 regulation of IFN-\u03b3 produced in Th2-type schistosome granulomas requires IL-12"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"281","author":[{"given":"Khurram","family":"Qadir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Metwali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 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