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Four stimuli were used: 1) low-frequency: 350-ms pulses at 6 cycles\/min; 2) high-frequency-1: 1-ms pulses at 50 Hz; 3) high-frequency-2: 1-ms pulses at 20 Hz; and 4) NES: 20-ms bipolar pulses at 50 Hz. Recordings were obtained postprandially. Tests consisted of three 20-min periods: baseline, stimulation\/sham, and poststimulation. The effect of NES was tested under anesthesia and following IV administration of l-NAME and atropine. Area under the curve (AUC) and LESP were compared among the three periods, by ANOVA and t-test, P &lt; 0.05. Data are shown as means \u00b1 SD. We found that low-frequency stimulation caused a sustained increase in LESP: 32.1 \u00b1 12.9 (prestimulation) vs. 43.2 \u00b1 18.0 (stimulation) vs. 50.1 \u00b1 23.8 (poststimulation), P &lt; 0.05. AUC significantly increased during and after stimulation. There were no significant changes with other types of ES. With NES, LESP initially rose and then decreased below baseline (LES relaxation). During NES, N<jats:sup>G<\/jats:sup>-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester increased both resting LESP and the initial rise in LESP and markedly diminished the relaxation. Atropine lowered resting LESP and abolished the initial rise in LESP. In conclusion, low frequency ES of the LES increases LESP in conscious dogs. 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