{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:36:11Z","timestamp":1791275771615,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is released from enteroendocrine cells (L cells) in response to food ingestion. The mechanism by which dietary peptides stimulate GLP-1 secretion in the gut is unknown. In the present study, we found that a hydrolysate prepared from zein, a major corn protein [zein hydrolysate (ZeinH)], strongly stimulates GLP-1 secretion in enteroendocrine GLUTag cells. Stimulatory mechanisms of GLP-1 secretion induced by ZeinH were investigated in the rat small intestine under anesthesia. Blood was collected through a portal catheter before and after ZeinH administration into different sites of the small intestine. The duodenal, jejunal, and ileal administration of ZeinH induced dose-dependent increases in portal GLP-1 concentration. GLP-1 secretion in response to the ileal administration of ZeinH was higher than that in the duodenal or jejunal administration. Capsaicin treatment on esophageal vagal trunks abolished the GLP-1 secretion induced by duodenal ZeinH but did not affect the secretion induced by jejunal or ileal ZeinH. These results suggest that ZeinH in the jejunum or ileum directly stimulates GLP-1 secretion but duodenal ZeinH indirectly stimulates GLP-1 secretion via the vagal afferent nerve. A direct blood sampling method from the duodenal vein and ileal mesenteric vein revealed that ZeinH administered into the ligated duodenal loop enhanced GLP-1 concentration in the ileal mesenteric vein but not in the duodenal vein. This confirmed that ZeinH in the duodenum induces GLP-1 secretion from L cells located in the ileum by an indirect mechanism. These results indicate that a potent GLP-1-releasing peptide, ZeinH, induces GLP-1 secretion by direct and indirect mechanisms in the rat intestine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.90635.2008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,6]],"date-time":"2009-08-06T20:44:59Z","timestamp":1249591499000},"page":"G663-G671","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["GLP-1 secretion is enhanced directly in the ileum but indirectly in the duodenum by a newly identified potent stimulator, zein hydrolysate, in rats"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"297","author":[{"given":"Tohru","family":"Hira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Biosciences, Research Faculty of Agriculture and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taisuke","family":"Mochida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bio-Systems and Sustainability, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoko","family":"Miyashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bio-Systems and Sustainability, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Biosciences, Research Faculty of Agriculture and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240050913"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.6.8840"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.7.2326"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.054"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"786","volume":"82","author":"Balks HJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y03-107"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.47.7.1038"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1990.259.2.G191"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.06.007"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69705-5"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.9.6202"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0307"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1992.tb01464.x"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1380159"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.5.1147"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2002760"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2000.278.6.G937"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1168"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/118.5.561"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-6618(95)80086-7"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1989.256.2.G404"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00099.2006"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706678104"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf070049p"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-0115(03)00125-3"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.8.2537"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00303.2004"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/123.11.1939"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.06557"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.133.1.8319572"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.6.8641190"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.4.6643"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.5.758"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1998.274.5.R1236"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0719555"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.26.969"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2008.01.003"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2000.279.3.G561"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.60.661"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf703697e"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpgi.90635.2008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T21:47:01Z","timestamp":1567979221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpgi.90635.2008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpgi.90635.2008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.90635.2008","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1165685.628715","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0193-1857","1522-1547"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0193-1857","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1547","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}}}