{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:47:30Z","timestamp":1787017650231,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en G\u00e9nie du Canada)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs (Chaires de recherche du Canada)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Little is known about the response of the cerebrovasculature to acute exercise in children and how these responses might differ with adults. Therefore, we compared changes in middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAV\n                    <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), end-tidal Pco\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ([Formula: see text]), blood pressure, and minute ventilation (V\u0307e) in response to incremental exercise between children and adults. Thirteen children [age: 9 \u00b1 1 (SD) yr] and thirteen sex-matched adults (age: 25 \u00b1 4 yr) completed a maximal exercise test, during which MCAV\n                    <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                    , [Formula: see text], and V\u0307e were measured continuously. These variables were measured at rest, at exercise intensities specific to individual ventilatory thresholds, and at maximum. Although MCAV\n                    <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                    was higher at rest in children compared with adults, there were smaller increases in children (1\u201312%) compared with adults (12\u201325%) at all exercise intensities. There were alterations in [Formula: see text] with exercise intensity in an age-dependent manner [ F(2.5,54.5) = 7.983, P &lt; 0.001; \u03b7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.266], remaining stable in children with increasing exercise intensity (37\u201339 mmHg; P &gt; 0.05) until hyperventilation-induced reductions following the respiratory compensation point. In adults, [Formula: see text] increased with exercise intensity (36\u201345 mmHg, P &lt; 0.05) until the ventilatory threshold. From the ventilatory threshold to maximum, adults showed a greater hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia than children. These findings show that the relative increase in MCAV\n                    <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                    during exercise was attenuated in children compared with adults. There was also a weaker relationship between MCAV\n                    <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                    and [Formula: see text] during exercise in children, suggesting that cerebral perfusion may be regulated by different mechanisms during exercise in the child.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY These findings provide the first direct evidence that exercise increases cerebral blood flow in children to a lesser extent than in adults. Changes in end-tidal CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    parallel changes in cerebral perfusion in adults but not in children, suggesting age-dependent regulatory mechanisms of cerebral blood flow during exercise.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00034.2017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,7]],"date-time":"2017-04-07T20:10:38Z","timestamp":1491595838000},"page":"H1195-H1202","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Anterior cerebral blood velocity and end-tidal CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    responses to exercise differ in children and adults"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"312","author":[{"given":"Lindsay A.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip N.","family":"Ainslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria A.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan G.","family":"Simair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan R.","family":"Sletten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Tallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7817-230X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali M.","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.158279"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.91008.2008"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00854.2014"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272158"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.21.2.130"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.002589"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.6.2020"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20839"},{"key":"B9","unstructured":"Bongers BC, van Brussel M, Hulzebos EHK, Takken T.\n                      Pediatric Norms for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Relation to Sex and Age\n                      (2nd ed.). 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