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Adult male Wistar rats (139 rats) with 4-wk-old MI or sham conditions were randomized to receive intramyocardial injection of GFs, CPCs, CPCs + GFs, or vehicle (V). Enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged CPCs were used for cell tracking. Vulnerability to stress-induced arrhythmia was assessed by telemetry-ECG. Basic cardiac electrophysiological properties were examined by epicardial multiple-lead recording. Hemodynamic function was measured invasively. Hearts were subjected to anatomical, morphometric, immunohistochemical, and molecular biology analyses. Compared with V and at variance with individual CPCs, CPCs + GFs approximately halved arrhythmias in all animals, restoring cardiac anisotropy toward sham values. GFs alone reduced arrhythmias by less than CPCs + GFs, prolonging ventricular refractoriness without affecting conduction velocity. Concomitantly, CPCs + GFs reactivated the expression levels of Connexin-43 and Connexin-40 as well as channel proteins of key depolarizing and repolarizing ion currents differently than sole GFs. Mechanical function and anatomical remodeling were equally improved by all regenerative treatments, thus exhibiting a divergent behavior relative to electrical aspects. Conclusively, we provided evidence of distinctive antiarrhythmic action of locally injected GF-supplemented CPCs, likely attributable to retrieval of Connexin-43, Connexin-40, and Ca<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>1.2 expression, favoring intercellular coupling and spread of excitation in mended heart.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00035.2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,19]],"date-time":"2016-03-19T04:16:30Z","timestamp":1458360990000},"page":"H1622-H1648","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Antiarrhythmic effect of growth factor-supplemented cardiac progenitor cells in chronic infarcted heart"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"310","author":[{"given":"Monia","family":"Savi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Bocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, 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