{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:52:58Z","timestamp":1790391178270,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Investigations on the cardiac function consequences of mountain ultramarathon (MUM) &gt;100 h are lacking. The present study assessed the progressive cardiac responses during the world's most challenging MUM (Tor des G\u00e9ants; Italy; 330 km; 24,000 m of cumulative elevation gain). Resting echocardiographic evaluation of morphology, function, and mechanics of left and right ventricle (LV and RV) including speckle tracking echocardiography was conducted in 15 male participants (46 \u00b1 13 yr) before (pre), during (mid; 148 km), and after (post) the race. Runners completed the race in 126 \u00b1 15 h. From pre to post, the increase in stroke volume (SV) (103 \u00b1 19 vs. 110 \u00b1 23 vs. 116 \u00b1 21 ml; P &lt; 0.001 at pre, mid, and post) was concomitant to the increase in LV early filling ( peak E; 72.9 \u00b1 15.7 vs. 74.6 \u00b1 13.1 vs. 82.1 \u00b1 11.5 cm\/s; P &lt; 0.05). Left and right atrial end-diastolic areas, RV end-diastolic area, and LV end-diastolic volume were 12\u201319% higher at post compared with pre ( P &lt; 0.05). Resting heart rate and LV systolic strain rates demonstrated a biphasic adaptation with an increase from pre to mid (55 \u00b1 8 vs. 72 \u00b1 11 beats\/min, P &lt; 0.001) and a return to baseline values from mid to post (59 \u00b1 8 beats\/min). Significant correlations were found between pre-to-post percent changes in peak E and LV end-diastolic volume ( r = 0.63, P &lt; 0.05) or RV ( r = 0.82, P &lt; 0.001) or atrial end-diastolic areas ( r = 0.83, P &lt; 0.001). An extreme MUM induced a biphasic pattern of heart rate in parallel with specific cardiac responses characterized by a progressive increase in diastolic filling, biventricular volumes, and SV. The underlying mechanisms and their clinical implications remain challenging for the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00037.2016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,27]],"date-time":"2016-02-27T04:23:23Z","timestamp":1456547003000},"page":"H1340-H1348","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Progressive and biphasic cardiac responses during extreme mountain ultramarathon"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"310","author":[{"given":"Claire","family":"Maufrais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Avignon University, LAPEC EA 4278, F-84000, Avignon, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gr\u00e9goire P.","family":"Millet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISSUL Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Department of Physiology-University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 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