{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T18:13:53Z","timestamp":1780337633343,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["journals.physiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Body position during exercise testing profoundly affects cardiopulmonary responses, even in healthy individuals. Results obtained in different postures are not directly comparable. Upright, semirecumbent, and supine exercise produce systematic changes in oxygen uptake, ventilation, workload, and dyspnea, with lower performance in reclined positions. Despite this, cardiac output is preserved through adjustments in heart rate and stroke volume, indicating that posture\u2014rather than cardiac dysfunction\u2014drives differences. Without posture-specific reference values, disease severity may be misinterpreted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00068.2026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T15:20:23Z","timestamp":1776439223000},"page":"H1715-H1722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Posture matters: how body position shapes cardiopulmonary response to maximal exercise testing"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"330","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9985-7407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Mapelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiorella","family":"Puttini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Mattavelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Salvioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9561-9436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"Galotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Ferrarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Trieste","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5881-1441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Canevari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Willixhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Caputo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Costantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Biroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Lustri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Grandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Teglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bologna","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Valenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Trieste","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8345-6382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piergiuseppe","family":"Agostoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"University of Milan","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31826fb946"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.184461"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.83.3.778"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.120772"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2014.11.011"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1531027"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04887.x"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01235.2004"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138908966138"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960100302"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-021-04630-7"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00372.2016"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00599238"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0003-9993(95)80612-1"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0167-5273(98)00193-4"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318279a9f2"},{"key":"B17","volume-title":"Principles of Exercise Testing and Interpretation: Including Pathophysiology and Clinical Applications","author":"Wasserman K","year":"2007"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.04.053"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew190"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.05.552"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.14618"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.68.6.2521"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae203"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-009-1254-8"},{"key":"B25","first-page":"491","volume":"10","author":"Kato M","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1865192"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1466-y"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.667564"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.734687"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.12.012"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13945"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.019"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00068.2026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T12:59:00Z","timestamp":1778245140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00068.2026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpheart.00068.2026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00068.2026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-6135","1522-1539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-6135","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-06","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}