{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:27:32Z","timestamp":1790836052247,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Programmed electrical stimulation (PES) is a crucial aspect of the evaluation of the risk of arrhythmias in cardiac patients and provides a powerful tool for understanding the mechanisms of arrhythmia in experimental models. Whereas PES in the mouse is well characterized, the procedures allowing for follow-up studies in the same animal have not been developed. In this report, we describe a novel subdiaphragmatic approach that allows for repeat electrophysiological studies in the mouse. Under inhaled anesthesia, PES was performed in 36 wild-type mice via a stimulating electrode introduced through an epigastric incision and placed directly into the diaphragmatic surface of the heart. The procedure was repeated 7 days later. Ventricular effective refractory periods (VERP) did not change significantly between the initial and follow-up trials. Chronic treatment with amiodarone, however, was associated with a 70% prolongation in VERP from initial to follow-up studies ( P \u2264 0.001). In addition, PES of a genetically modified strain with sudden cardiac death, the connexin43 conditional knockout mouse consistently induced lethal polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Thus sequential PES in mice is feasible with the use of a subdiaphragmatic approach, yields reproducible VERP values, and can be used to follow pharmacologically induced changes in VERP and identify mice at risk of lethal ventricular arrhythmias. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00100.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T20:11:53Z","timestamp":1425413513000},"page":"H1091-H1096","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Subdiaphragmatic murine electrophysiological studies: sequential  determination of ventricular refractoriness and arrhythmia induction"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"285","author":[{"given":"David E.","family":"Gutstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University  School of Medicine, New York, New York 10010"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan B.","family":"Danik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University  School of Medicine, New York, New York 10010"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jedd B.","family":"Sereysky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University  School of Medicine, New York, New York 10010"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory E.","family":"Morley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University  School of Medicine, New York, New York 10010"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn I.","family":"Fishman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University  School of Medicine, New York, New York 10010"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"REF1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.86.4.396"},{"key":"REF2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.10.2641"},{"key":"REF3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119197"},{"key":"REF4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI5944"},{"key":"REF5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4701.099582"},{"key":"REF6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01091.2001"},{"key":"REF7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3801.096395"},{"key":"REF8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-198905000-00007"},{"key":"REF9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.88.3.333"},{"key":"REF10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01942-3"},{"key":"REF11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra000650"},{"key":"REF12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.278.6.H1891"},{"key":"REF13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2001.01286.x"},{"key":"REF14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00588-8"},{"key":"REF15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0901-1021"},{"key":"REF16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.19.2361"},{"key":"REF17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200205000-00008"},{"key":"REF18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.7.686"},{"key":"REF19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.85.2.174"},{"key":"REF20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.85.11.1067"},{"key":"REF21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4301.098254"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00100.2003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T18:38:07Z","timestamp":1567967887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00100.2003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpheart.00100.2003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00100.2003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-6135","1522-1539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-6135","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]}}}