{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:31:42Z","timestamp":1792168302949,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Long-term exercise training is associated with characteristic structural and functional changes of the myocardium, termed athlete's heart. Several research groups investigated exercise training-induced left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in animal models; however, only sporadic data exist about detailed hemodynamics. We aimed to provide functional characterization of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy in a rat model using the in vivo method of LV pressure-volume (P-V) analysis. After inducing LV hypertrophy by swim training, we assessed LV morphometry by echocardiography and performed LV P-V analysis using a pressure-conductance microcatheter to investigate in vivo cardiac function. Echocardiography showed LV hypertrophy (LV mass index: 2.41 \u00b1 0.09 vs. 2.03 \u00b1 0.08 g\/kg, P &lt; 0.01), which was confirmed by heart weight data and histomorphometry. Invasive hemodynamic measurements showed unaltered heart rate, arterial pressure, and LV end-diastolic volume along with decreased LV end-systolic volume, thus increased stroke volume and ejection fraction (73.7 \u00b1 0.8 vs. 64.1 \u00b1 1.5%, P &lt; 0.01) in trained versus untrained control rats. The P-V loop-derived sensitive, load-independent contractility indexes, such as slope of end-systolic P-V relationship or preload recruitable stroke work (77.0 \u00b1 6.8 vs. 54.3 \u00b1 4.8 mmHg, P = 0.01) were found to be significantly increased. The observed improvement of ventriculoarterial coupling (0.37 \u00b1 0.02 vs. 0.65 \u00b1 0.08, P &lt; 0.01), along with increased LV stroke work and mechanical efficiency, reflects improved mechanoenergetics of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Despite the significant hypertrophy, we observed unaltered LV stiffness (slope of end-diastolic P-V relationship: 0.043 \u00b1 0.007 vs. 0.040 \u00b1 0.006 mmHg\/\u03bcl) and improved LV active relaxation (\u03c4: 10.1 \u00b1 0.6 vs. 11.9 \u00b1 0.2 ms, P &lt; 0.01). According to our knowledge, this is the first study that provides characterization of functional changes and hemodynamic relations in exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00108.2013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,4]],"date-time":"2013-05-04T04:28:17Z","timestamp":1367641697000},"page":"H124-H134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Rat model of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy: hemodynamic characterization using left ventricular pressure-volume analysis"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"305","author":[{"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Radovits","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; and"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Ol\u00e1h","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center, Semmelweis 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