{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T04:39:56Z","timestamp":1785559196245,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Instituts de recherche en sant\u00e9 du Canada)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["217532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["217532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ontario Graduate Scholarship"},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research Doctoral Research Award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In response to acute physiological stress, the sympathetic nervous system modifies neural outflow through increased firing frequency of lower-threshold axons, recruitment of latent subpopulations of higher-threshold axons, and\/or acute modifications of synaptic delays. Aging and coronary artery disease (CAD) often modify efferent muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). Therefore, we investigated whether CAD ( n = 14; 61 \u00b1 10 yr) and\/or healthy aging without CAD (OH; n = 14; 59 \u00b1 9 yr) modified these recruitment strategies that normally are observed in young healthy (YH; n = 14; 25 \u00b1 3 yr) individuals. MSNA (microneurography) was measured at baseline and during maximal voluntary end-inspiratory (EI) and end-expiratory (EE) apneas. Action potential (AP) patterns were studied using a novel AP analysis technique. AP frequency increased in all groups during both EI- and EE-apnea (all P &lt; 0.05). The mean AP content per integrated burst increased during EI- and EE-apnea in YH (EI: \u03946 \u00b1 4 APs\/burst; EE: \u039410 \u00b1 6 APs\/burst; both P &lt; 0.01) and OH (EI: \u03943 \u00b1 3 APs\/burst; EE: \u03944 \u00b1 5 APs\/burst; both P &lt; 0.01), but not in CAD (EI: \u03941 \u00b1 3 APs\/burst; EE: \u03942 \u00b1 3 APs\/burst; both P = NS). When APs were binned into \u201cclusters\u201d according to peak-to-peak amplitude, total clusters increased during EI- and EE-apnea in YH (EI: \u03945 \u00b1 2; EE: \u03946 \u00b1 4; both P &lt; 0.01), during EI-apnea only in OH (EI: \u03941 \u00b1 2; P &lt; 0.01; EE: \u03941 \u00b1 2; P = NS), and neither apnea in CAD (EI: \u0394 \u22122 \u00b1 2; EE: \u0394 \u22121 \u00b1 2; both P = NS). In all groups, the AP cluster size-latency profile was shifted downwards for every corresponding cluster during EI- and EE-apnea (all P &lt; 0.01). As such, inherent dysregulation exists within the central features of apnea-related sympathetic outflow in aging and CAD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00334.2016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,20]],"date-time":"2016-08-20T02:59:59Z","timestamp":1471661999000},"page":"H1040-H1050","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Effects of aging and coronary artery disease on sympathetic neural recruitment strategies during end-inspiratory and end-expiratory apnea"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"311","author":[{"given":"Mark B.","family":"Badrov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Lalande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. Dylan","family":"Olver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neville","family":"Suskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention Program of St. Joseph's Health Care London, London, Ontario, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Program of Experimental Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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