{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:47:07Z","timestamp":1787312827450,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs (Chaires de recherche du Canada)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F11-02423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F11-02423"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The study of conduit artery endothelial adaptation to hypoxia has been restricted to the brachial artery, and comparisons with highlanders have been confounded by differences in altitude exposure, exercise, and unknown levels of blood viscosity. To address these gaps, we tested the hypothesis that lowlanders, but not Sherpa, would demonstrate decreased mean shear stress and increased retrograde shear stress and subsequently reduced flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the upper and lower limb conduit arteries on ascent to 5,050 m. Healthy lowlanders (means\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD, n = 22, 28\u2009\u00b1\u20096 yr) and Sherpa ( n = 12, 34\u2009\u00b1\u200911 yr) ascended over 10 days, with measurements taken on nontrekking days at 1,400 m (baseline), 3,440 m ( day 4), 4,371 m ( day 7), and 5,050 m ( day 10). Arterial blood gases, blood viscosity, shear stress, and FMD [duplex ultrasound of the brachial and superficial femoral arteries (BA and SFA, respectively)] were acquired at each time point. Ascent decreased mean and increased retrograde shear stress in the upper and lower limb of lowlanders and Sherpa. Although BA FMD decreased in lowlanders from 7.1\u2009\u00b1\u20093.9% to 3.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8% at 5,050 versus 1,400 m ( P &lt; 0.001), SFA FMD was preserved. In Sherpa, neither BA nor SFA FMD were changed upon ascent to 5,050 m. In lowlanders, the ascent-related exercise may favorably influence endothelial function in the active limb (SFA); selective impairment in FMD in the BA in lowlanders is likely mediated via the low mean or high oscillatory baseline shear stress. In contrast, Sherpa presented protected endothelial function, suggesting a potential vascular aspect of high-altitude acclimatization\/adaptation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY Upper and lower limb arterial shear stress and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were assessed on matched ascent from 1,400 to 5,050 m in lowlanders and Sherpa. A shear stress pattern associated with vascular dysfunction\/risk manifested in both limbs of lowlanders and Sherpa. FMD was impaired only in the upper limb of lowlanders. The findings indicate a limb-specific impact of high-altitude trekking on FMD and a vascular basis to acclimatization wherein endothelial function is protected in Sherpa on ascent<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00345.2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]],"date-time":"2018-08-31T09:40:54Z","timestamp":1535708454000},"page":"H1532-H1543","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["UBC-Nepal expedition: upper and lower limb conduit artery shear stress and flow-mediated dilation on ascent to 5,050 m in lowlanders and Sherpa"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"315","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1667-294X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua C.","family":"Tremblay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Stress Response Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5657-0059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan L.","family":"Hoiland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard H.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connor A.","family":"Howe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Stembridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff Centre for Exercise and Health, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher K.","family":"Willie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Gasho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Hyperbaric and Sleep Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"MacLeod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Pharmacology and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1818-3867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyra E.","family":"Pyke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Stress Response Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip N.","family":"Ainslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.05.020"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.953653"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.66.4.1045"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0272-9"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.11.027"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32835b8164"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2015.08.006"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3738-2"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17249-6"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701985104"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.12.028"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35106641"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16249"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.307948"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.06.017"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artres.2016.02.003"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.045112"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2231159a0"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.200618"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.301675"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003693309904400506"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-009-1116-4"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5789.716"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.13.1713"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707462104"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00018.2014"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(00)00617-1"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016460"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00174.2010"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.031765"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.150821"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00518.2007"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)01288-1"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1700527114"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.147322"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2015.06.007"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-010-9616-1"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12423"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31824294f9"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-013-2694-8"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1107887"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00561"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2012-0169"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12194"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00109"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.268615"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086532"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30500"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.07.002"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12976"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.177907"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000137301.99716.e8"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.605527"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(94)90207-0"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20170031"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01108.2007"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00273.2007"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00326.2017"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000226227"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7120-6-44"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01133.2009"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu275"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00190.2006"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1964.sp007335"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01024.2006"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270651"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.09.047"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085238"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00943.2015"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1959.197.6.1167","volume":"197","author":"Richardson TQ","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086441"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108788"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200102000-00007"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phy2.193"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00058.2017"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01121.2014"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00118.2017"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00110.2014"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00471.2010"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181923957"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00405.2008"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.131508"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00290.2011"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.001968"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000479"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.158014"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12367"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085056"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113407"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00717.2017"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.12.004"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP273183"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00583.2017"},{"key":"B93a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204660"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.2.929"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.10441"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.53.4.502"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00345.2018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,20]],"date-time":"2019-09-20T00:38:34Z","timestamp":1568939914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00345.2018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpheart.00345.2018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00345.2018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-6135","1522-1539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-6135","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]}}}