{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:25:54Z","timestamp":1791419154195,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Microcirculatory changes in the window chamber preparation in Syrian golden hamsters, secondary to chronic hypoxia adaptation, are presented herein. Adaptation was attained by keeping animals in a 10% oxygen environment for 1 wk and 5% the following week. The following groups were studied: group 1, adapted to chronic hypoxia and kept in a 5% oxygen environment throughout the experiment; group 2, adapted to chronic hypoxia and kept in a 21% oxygen environment 24 h before and during the experiment; and group 3, control. Adaptation caused venule enlargement and hematocrit increase (68.6 \u00b1 2.44 in group 1, 70 \u00b1 2.66 in group 2, and 43.27 \u00b1 2.30 in group 3; P &lt; 0.05). Whereas heart rate decreased in adapted animals, blood pressure remained constant. Group 1 presented alkalosis, hypocapnia, and hypoxemia. The adapted groups had decreased blood flow velocity in arterioles and veins. We found no difference in microvasculature oxygen tension between groups 2 and 3; however, the number of capillaries with flow was markedly reduced in group 1 but significantly increased in group 2. Our findings suggest that, as an adaptation to hypoxia, erythropoiesis may prove beneficial by increasing blood viscosity and shear stress, leading to vasodilatation, in addition to the increase in oxygen-carrying capacity. Calculations show that oxygen extraction in the tissue of the window chamber model was significantly lowered in adapted animals breathing 5% oxygen, but was unchanged from the control when breathing 21% oxygen, even though blood hemoglobin content was increased from 14.5 \u00b1 0.07 g\/dl at control to 21.04 \u00b1 1.24 g\/dl in the adapted animals ( P &lt; 0.05). <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00349.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T20:13:37Z","timestamp":1425413617000},"page":"H2064-H2071","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Microcirculatory changes during chronic adaptation to hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"285","author":[{"given":"Enrique","family":"Sald\u00edvar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Cabrales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy G.","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Intaglietta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"REF1","unstructured":"Braunwald E. Hypoxia, polycythemia and cyanosis. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, edited by Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Wilson JD, Martin JB, Kasper DL, Hauser SL and Longo DL. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998, p. 205\u2013210."},{"key":"REF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colantuoni A, Bertuglia S, and Intaglietta M. Quantitation of rhythmic diameter changes in arterial microcirculation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 246: H504\u2013H517, 1984.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1984.246.4.H508"},{"key":"REF3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/219956a0"},{"key":"REF4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BIR-1990-27203"},{"key":"REF5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01851841"},{"key":"REF6","unstructured":"Erslev AJ. Clinical manifestations and classification of erythrocyte disorders. In: Williams Hematology, edited by Beutler E, Lichtman MA, Coller BS, and Kipps TJ. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995, p. 441\u2013447."},{"key":"REF7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3883488"},{"key":"REF8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.1081"},{"key":"REF9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0297-177"},{"key":"REF10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902113400606"},{"key":"REF11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1996.270.3.H827"},{"key":"REF12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1995.268.2.H802"},{"key":"REF13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1997.272.1.H525"},{"key":"REF14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1986.250.6.H908"},{"key":"REF15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.43.5.793"},{"key":"REF16","unstructured":"Niermeyer S, Zamudio S, and Moore LG. The people In: High Altitude: An Exploration of Human Adaptation, edited by Hornbein TF and Schoene RB. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2001, p. 43\u201388."},{"key":"REF17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(89)90026-1"},{"key":"REF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richardson TQ and Guyton AC. Effects of polycythemia and anemia on cardiac output and other circulatory factors. Am J Physiol 197: 1167\u20131170, 1959.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1959.197.6.1167"},{"key":"REF19","unstructured":"Ross J, Covell JW, Feld GK, and Schmid-Schoenbein G.W. Heart failure, hypertrophy and other abnormal cardiocirculatory states. In: Best and Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, edited by West JB. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 2003, p. 307\u2013330."},{"key":"REF20","unstructured":"Sald\u00edvar E. Oxygen Delivery Capacity of the Hamster Skin Microcirculation During Hemoconcentration (PhD Thesis). University of California, San Diego, 1992."},{"key":"REF21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/15270290260131902"},{"key":"REF22","unstructured":"Sevick EM and Jain RK. Viscous resistance to blood flow in solid tumors: effect of hematocrit on intratumor blood viscosity. Cancer Res 49: 3513\u20133519, 1989."},{"key":"REF23","unstructured":"Shibata A and Kamiya A. In vivo measurement of microvascular and tissue Po2 in the rat skeletal muscle. Microvasc Res 15: 71\u201372, 1999."},{"key":"REF24","unstructured":"Swenson ER. Renal function and fluid homeostasis. In: High Altitude: An Exploration of Human Adaptation, edited by Hornbein TF and Schoen RB. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2001, p. 525\u2013568."},{"key":"REF25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.12.6590"},{"key":"REF26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1998.275.6.H2170"},{"key":"REF27","unstructured":"Vicaut E, Stucker O, Teisseire B, and Duvelleroy M. Effects of changes in systemic hematocrit on the microcirculation in rat cremaster muscle. Int J Microcirc Clin Exp 6: 225\u2013235, 1987."},{"key":"REF28","unstructured":"West JB. Respiration in unusal environments. In: Best and Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, edited by West JB. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1990, p. 588\u2013604."},{"key":"REF29","unstructured":"Winslow RM and Monge-CC. Hypoxia, Polycythemia, and Chronic Mountain Sickness. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00349.2003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T18:34:12Z","timestamp":1567967652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00349.2003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpheart.00349.2003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00349.2003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-6135","1522-1539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-6135","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]}}}