{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T13:50:15Z","timestamp":1773409815348,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study tested the hypotheses that 1) short-term dietary deficiency (MgD) of magnesium (21 days) would result in the upregulation of ceramide synthase (CS) in left ventricular (LV), right ventricular, atrial, and aortic smooth muscle, as well as induce a synthesis\/release of select cytokines and chemokines into the LV and aortic smooth muscle and serum; 2) exposure of primary cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to low extracellular Mg concentration would lead to the synthesis\/release of select cytokines\/chemokines, activation of N-SMase, and the de novo synthesis of ceramide; and 3) inhibition of CS by fumonisin B1 (FB1) or inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) by scyphostatin (SCY) in VSMCs exposed to low Mg would result in reductions in the levels of the cytokines\/chemokines and lowered levels of ceramide concomitant with inhibition of NF-\u03baB activation. The data indicated that short-term MgD (10% normal dietary intake) resulted in the upregulation of CS in ventricular, atrial, and aortic smooth muscles coupled to the synthesis\/release of 12 different cytokines\/chemokines, as well as activation of NF-\u03baB in the LV and aortic smooth muscle and sera; even very low levels of water-borne Mg (e.g., 15 mg\u00b7l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) either prevented or ameliorated the upregulation and synthesis of the cytokines\/chemokines. Our experiments also showed that VSMCs exposed to low extracellular Mg resulted in the synthesis of 5 different cytokines and chemokines concomitant with synthesis\/release of ceramide. However, inhibition of the synthesis and release of ceramide by either FB1 or SCY attenuated, markedly , the generation of ceramide, release of the cytokines\/chemokines, and activation of NF-\u03baB (as measured by activated p65 and cRel).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00453.2011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,8]],"date-time":"2011-10-08T04:22:30Z","timestamp":1318047750000},"page":"H319-H332","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Short-term magnesium deficiency upregulates ceramide synthase in cardiovascular tissues and cells: cross-talk among cytokines, Mg<sup>2+<\/sup>, NF-\u03baB, and de novo ceramide"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"302","author":[{"given":"Burton M.","family":"Altura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of 1Physiology and Pharmacology and"},{"name":"Medicine,"},{"name":"Center for Cardiovascular and Muscle Research, and"},{"name":"School of Graduate Studies Program in Molecular and Cellular Science, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn;"},{"name":"Bio-Defense Systems, Incorporated, Rockville Centre, New York, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nilank C.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of 1Physiology and Pharmacology and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gatha","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of 1Physiology and Pharmacology and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aimin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of 1Physiology and Pharmacology and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of 1Physiology and Pharmacology and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of 1Physiology and Pharmacology and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Perez-Albela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Bien de Salud, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bella T.","family":"Altura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of 1Physiology and Pharmacology and"},{"name":"Center for Cardiovascular and Muscle Research, and"},{"name":"School of Graduate Studies Program in Molecular and Cellular Science, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn;"},{"name":"Bio-Defense Systems, Incorporated, Rockville Centre, New York, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.05.006"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"038","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1971.220.4.938","volume":"220","author":"Altura BM","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2862(74)90001-6"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"226","volume":"4","author":"Altura BM","year":"1985","journal-title":"Magnesium"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"347","volume":"41","author":"Altura BM","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol Res"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84628-483-0_19"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6701524"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.1.194"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4439(93)90077-E"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"266","volume":"1","author":"Altura BM","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(03)00134-4"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(02)00772-4"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(03)00987-7"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01154.2008"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01076.2009"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00671.2010"},{"key":"B17","first-page":"90","volume":"10","author":"Altura BT","year":"1991","journal-title":"Magnes Trace Elem"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.5.1840"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00471-0"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5742(02)00089-3"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(01)00655-4"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7827(00)00007-2"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1987.10720195"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.01-0539com"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.52.1.15"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.25.15817"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)90641-X"},{"key":"B28","first-page":"5","volume":"4","author":"Durlach J","year":"1985","journal-title":"Magnesium"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(92)90633-7"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.9.2879"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-9272-7"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.26.16474"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011629"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-1981(03)00059-3"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/6.6.542"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R200008200"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2001"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84628-483-0_18"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2011.13"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hy09t1.096249"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.11.6309"},{"key":"B42","first-page":"12","volume":"11","author":"Kobayashi J","year":"1957","journal-title":"Berichte Ohara Inst Landwirtsch Biol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20040174"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02815356"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114599001427","volume":"82","author":"Laurant P","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"B46","first-page":"150","volume":"5","author":"Leary WP","year":"1986","journal-title":"Magnesium"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2007.05.007"},{"key":"B48","first-page":"53","volume":"4","author":"Marier JR","year":"1985","journal-title":"Magnesium"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017957"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2716"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2730"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(90)90211-F"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401060101"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)00420-1"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)01446-X"},{"key":"B56","volume-title":"What We Eat in America. NHANES 2005\u20132006: Usual Intakes from Food and Water Compared to 1997 Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D, Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium","author":"Moshfegh A","year":"2009"},{"key":"B57","first-page":"105","volume":"17","author":"Mulvany MJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"News Physiol Sci"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15823","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)55472-7","volume":"265","author":"Okazaki T","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2006.07.009"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvp030"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.12.9078"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R600010200"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200007000-00009"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(99)00258-2"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(60)90002-3"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90553-O"},{"key":"B67","volume-title":"The Magnesium Factor","author":"Seelig MS","year":"2003"},{"key":"B68","first-page":"103","volume":"4","author":"Shah NC","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6741-1_4"},{"key":"B70","first-page":"74","volume":"4","author":"Tarzami ST","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00024.2005"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7361117"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20071240"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00540a027"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14486","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)98712-0","volume":"266","author":"Wang E","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00299389"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-0057-8_38"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4439(94)90073-6"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2335"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.278.3.R628"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4889(92)90024-6"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00976.2010"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.278.5.H1421"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00453.2011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T19:46:17Z","timestamp":1639079177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00453.2011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpheart.00453.2011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00453.2011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-6135","1522-1539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-6135","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}}}