{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T21:07:45Z","timestamp":1789938465385,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The heart adapts to exercise stimuli in a sex-dimorphic manner when mice are fed the traditional soy-based chow. Females undergo more voluntary exercise (4 wk) than males and exhibit more cardiac hypertrophy per kilometer run (18, 32). We have found that diet plays a critical role in cage wheel exercise and cardiac adaptation to the exercise stimulus in this sex dimorphism. Specifically, feeding male mice a casein-based, soy-free diet increases daily running distance over soy-fed counterparts to equal that of females. Moreover, casein-fed males have a greater capacity to increase their cardiac mass in response to exercise compared with soy-fed males. To further explore the biochemical mechanisms for these differences, we performed a candidate-based RT-PCR screen on genes previously implicated in diet- or exercise-based cardiac hypertrophy. Of the genes screened, many exhibit significant exercise, diet, or sex effects but only transforming growth factor-\u03b21 shows a significant three-way interaction with no genes showing a two-way interaction. Finally, we show that the expression and activity of adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase-\u03b12 and acetyl-CoA carboxylase is dependent on exercise, diet, and sex. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00532.2014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,15]],"date-time":"2014-11-15T05:27:15Z","timestamp":1416029235000},"page":"H135-H145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Diet and sex modify exercise and cardiac adaptation in the mouse"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"308","author":[{"given":"John P.","family":"Konhilas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado;"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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