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Groups 4 (sham burn), 5 (burn + IS + LR), and 6 (burns + HSD + LR) received intratracheal (IT) vehicle 7 days after burns; groups 7 (burn + IS + LR) and 8 (burn + HSD + LR) received IT Streptococcus pneumoniae (4 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> colony-forming units) 7 days after burn. Groups 4\u20138 were studied 8 days after burn and 24 h after IT septic challenge. When compared with sham burn, contractile defects occurred 24 h after burn in IS-treated but not HSD-treated burns. Cardiac inflammatory responses (pg\/ml TNF-\u03b1) were evident with IS (170 \u00b1 10) but not HSD (45 \u00b1 5) treatment vs. sham treatment (80 \u00b1 15). Pneumonia-related sepsis 8 days after IS-treated burns ( group 7) exacerbated TNF-\u03b1 responses\/contractile dysfunction vs. IS-treated burns in the absence of sepsis ( P &lt; 0.05). Sepsis that occurred after HSD-treated burns ( group 8) had less myocyte TNF-\u03b1 secretion\/better contractile function than IS-treated burns given septic challenge ( group 7, P &lt; 0.05). We conclude that an initial burn injury exacerbates myocardial inflammation\/dysfunction occurring with a second insult; giving HSD after the initial insult attenuates myocardial inflammation\/dysfunction associated with a second hit, suggesting that HSD reduces postinjury risk for infectious complications. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00586.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,18]],"date-time":"2005-11-18T20:34:23Z","timestamp":1132346063000},"page":"H1642-H1650","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Hypertonic saline dextran after burn injury decreases inflammatory cytokine responses to subsequent pneumonia-related sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"290","author":[{"given":"Jureta W.","family":"Horton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Maass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. 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