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In survivors of a heart attack, multiple neurohumoral adjustments as well as simultaneous remodeling in both infarcted and noninfarcted regions of the heart help sustain pump function post-MI. In the early phase, migration of inflammatory cells to the infarcted area helps repair and remove the cell debris, while apoptosis results in the elimination of damaged cardiomyocytes, and there is an increase in the antioxidant response to protect the survived myocardium against oxidative stress (OS) injury. However, in the late phase, it appears that there is a relative increase in OS and activation of the innate inflammatory response in cardiomyocytes without any obvious inflammatory cells. In this late stage in survivors of MI, a progressive slow activation of these processes leads to apoptosis, fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction, and HF. Thus, this second phase of an increase in OS, innate inflammatory response, and apoptosis results in wall thinning, dilatation, and consequently HF. It is important to note that this inflammatory response appears to be innate to cardiomyocytes. Blunting of this innate immune cardiomyocyte response may offer new hope for the management of HF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00597.2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]],"date-time":"2018-12-07T15:03:13Z","timestamp":1544194993000},"page":"H435-H445","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Innate immune response in the pathogenesis of heart failure in survivors of myocardial infarction"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"316","author":[{"given":"Alexsandra","family":"Zimmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Labarat\u00f2rio de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departmento de Fisiologia, Institute de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashim K.","family":"Bagchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre 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